Taphrina

Fonseca, Álvaro; Rodrigues, Manuel

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52149-1.00073-2

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…display distinct behaviors, that is, the former can be grown axenically in vitro (Fonseca and Rodrigues 2011), whereas the latter ones could not so far. Thus, we hypothesized that gene losses during the transition from the “a5” to “a4” occurred.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics Suggests That the Human Pathogenic Fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii Acquired Obligate Biotrophy through Gene Loss

Cissé

Pagni

Hauser

2014

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungal parasite that colonizes specifically humans and turns into an opportunistic pathogen in immunodeficient individuals. The fungus is able to reproduce extracellularly in host lungs without eliciting massive cellular death. The molecular mechanisms that govern this process are poorly understood, in part because of the lack of an in vitro culture system for Pneumocystis spp. In this study, we explored the origin and evolution of the putative biotrophy of P. jirovecii through comparative genomics and reconstruction of ancestral gene repertoires. We used the maximum parsimony method and genomes of related fungi of the Taphrinomycotina subphylum. Our results suggest that the last common ancestor of Pneumocystis spp. lost 2,324 genes in relation to the acquisition of obligate biotrophy. These losses may result from neutral drift and affect the biosyntheses of amino acids and thiamine, the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and the catabolism of purines. In addition, P. jirovecii shows a reduced panel of lytic proteases and has lost the RNA interference machinery, which might contribute to its genome plasticity. Together with other characteristics, that is, a sex life cycle within the host, the absence of massive destruction of host cells, difficult culturing, and the lack of virulence factors, these gene losses constitute a unique combination of characteristics which are hallmarks of both obligate biotrophs and animal parasites. These findings suggest that Pneumocystis spp. should be considered as the first described obligate biotrophs of animals, whose evolution has been marked by gene losses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics Suggests That the Human Pathogenic Fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii Acquired Obligate Biotrophy through Gene Loss

Cissé

Pagni

Hauser

2014

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…The yeast states of Taphrina (Fonseca and Rodrigues 2011), Protomyces (Kurtzman 2011), andSaitoella (Sugiyama andHamamoto 2011) are similar culturally, biochemically, and chemotaxonomically. Especially noteworthy is the fact that the cell walls of the three genera are two-layered and typical of ascomycetous yeasts, whereas conidiogenesis (budding) is enteroblastic and typical of basidiomycetous yeasts Sjamsuridzal et al 1997).…”

Section: Taphrinomycotinamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Taphrina and Protomyces, both members of Taphrinomycotina, are perhaps the best known of the yeastlike taxa that cause plant diseases. T. deformans, the cause of peach leaf curl, is worldwide in its distribution and the most economically devastating of the diseases caused by species of Taphrina (Fonseca and Rodrigues 2011;Mix 1949). Young leaves, stems, and fruit are often severely distorted when infected by T. deformans.…”

Section: Plant Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other tree crops, such as almonds and pears, may be severely affected by Taphrina infections. Trees, such as alders and poplars, are also susceptible to various Taphrina species (Fonseca and Rodrigues 2011;Mix 1949). The effect of these infections on tree health is generally limited, but the appearance of infected leaves and flowers can be distressing when the trees are used in ornamental plantings.…”

Section: Plant Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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1 Saccharomycotina and Taphrinomycotina: The Yeasts and Yeastlike Fungi of the Ascomycota

Kurtzman

Sugiyama

2015

Systematics and Evolution

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“…A penetração dos Avá-Canoeiro no território javaé foi facilitada, em grande parte, pela redução populacional sofrida pelos Javaé nos séculos 17 e 18 em função das expedições de bandeirantes ao Araguaia. 7 No fim do século 19 e nas primeiras décadas do século 20, isso que se chama de o "povo Javaé" era o produto de um longo processo histórico composto de casamentos entre povos diferentes, fusões linguísticas e culturais, trocas variadas e pacíficas, por um lado, além de guerras interétnicas, ataques mortais e apresamento de escravos feitos pelos primeiros colonizadores, por outro, os quais reduziram drasticamente a população pré-contato, calculada em alguns milhares de pessoas (Rodrigues, 2008b(Rodrigues, , 2010. Nas aldeias de então viviam os remanescentes desse passado denso, estimados em menos de 1.000 pessoas 8 que há vários séculos haviam se transformado no povo Inỹ (Javaé), ocupando lugares outrora habitados pelos seus ancestrais ou pelos povos diversos que coabitaram a região antigamente.…”

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Os Avá-Canoeiro do Araguaia e o tempo do cativeiro

Rodrigues¹

2013

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Depois de décadas de massacres e fuga dos colonizadores em condições desumanas, um grupo de dez sobreviventes dos Avá-Canoeiro do Araguaia foi capturado por uma violenta Frente de Atração da FUNAI em 1973 e 1974. Dois anos depois, com o grupo reduzido à metade, os Avá-Canoeiro foram transferidos compulsoriamente para a aldeiaCanoanã, dos Javaé, com quem disputaram um mesmo território por mais de cem anos, em um contexto de enfrentamentos e inúmeras mortes recíprocas. Embora tenham sido aprisionados por agentes do Estado, os Avá-Canoeiro foram recebidos por seus antigos adversários como perdedores de guerra e incorporados a uma posição subalterna de inferioridade social, sofrendo desde então severa marginalização socioeconômica, política e cultural nas aldeias javaé.Depois de 40 anos do traumático evento da captura, os atuais 21 Avá-Canoeiro ainda residem na “aldeia dos inimigos” como cativos de guerra, à espera do retorno a uma terra própria. A precipitada ação estatal beneficiou unicamente o interesse dos grandes grupos econômicos que se instalaram nas terras ocupadas tradicionalmente pelos dois grupos indígenas. Apesar de todo o histórico de opressão, os Avá-Canoeiro têm demonstrado uma extraordinária capacidade de resiliência física e cultural.

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Taphrina

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative Genomics Suggests That the Human Pathogenic Fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii Acquired Obligate Biotrophy through Gene Loss

Comparative Genomics Suggests That the Human Pathogenic Fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii Acquired Obligate Biotrophy through Gene Loss

1 Saccharomycotina and Taphrinomycotina: The Yeasts and Yeastlike Fungi of the Ascomycota

Os Avá-Canoeiro do Araguaia e o tempo do cativeiro

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