Tanshinon IIA Injection Accelerates Tissue Expansion by Reducing the Formation of the Fibrous Capsule

Abstract

The tissue expansion technique has been applied to obtain new skin tissue to repair large defects in clinical practice. The implantation of tissue expander could initiate a host response to foreign body (FBR), which leads to fibrotic encapsulation around the expander and prolongs the period of tissue expansion. Tanshinon IIA (Tan IIA) has been shown to have anti-inflammation and immunoregulation effect. The rat tissue expansion model was used in this study to observe whether Tan IIA injection systematically could inhibit the FBR to reduce fibrous capsule formation and accelerate the process of tissue expansion. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into the Tan IIA group and control group with 24 rats in each group. The expansion was conducted twice a week to maintain a capsule pressure of 60 mmHg. The expansion volume and expanded area were measured. The expanded tissue in the two groups was harvested, and histological staining was performed; proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were examined. The expansion volume and the expanded area in the Tan IIA group were greater than that of the control group. The thickness of the fibrous capsule in the Tan IIA group was reduced with no influence on the normal skin regeneration. Decreased infiltration of macrophages, lower level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-β, less proliferating myofibroblasts and enhanced neovascularization were observed in the Tan IIA group. Our findings indicated that the Tan IIA injection reduced the formation of the fibrous capsule and accelerated the process of tissue expansion by inhibiting the FBR.

Tanshinone IIA suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by downregulation of FOXM1

“…Recently, the pharmacological properties of tanshinone have attracted great interest. Tanshinone IIA (TNS) is the main component of tanshinone, and a variety of clinical trials and experimental studies have demonstrated the protective effect of TSN on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and tumors (2,18–21). In GC, Jing et al first reported that TSN induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo .…”

Polycaprolactone nanofibrous mesh reduces foreign body reaction and induces adipose flap expansion in tissue engineering chamber

“…43 However, overexpression of TGF-β often takes place during persistent chronic inflammation (eg, foreign body stimulation), leading to progressive capsule formation and subsequent capsule contraction. 19,44,45 There remains a high incidence of capsular contracture following cosmetic breast augmentation using silicone prosthesis. 46,47 When it occurs, the implant is crumpled or fractured, with visible deformity of the implant and breast.…”

“…45 Moreover, it is also important to note that the massive collagen deposition observed in the control group at week 1 to week 4 may have indirectly contributed to capsular formation. However, the mechanism by which the PCL nanofibrous mesh might inhibit TGF-β expression in the silicone chamber remains unclear.…”

The CCN1 (CYR61) protein promotes skin growth by enhancing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition during skin expansion

“…The major studies focusing on improving the efficiency of skin expansion include stem cell therapy (eg BM-MSCs, BM-MNCs and ADSCs), 5,61,62 growth factors therapy (eg bFGF) 63 and others treatments (eg botulinum toxin A, tanshinon IIA). 64,65 While, our recent work showed that CCN1 is superior to bFGF 54 In summary, our study demonstrates that CCN1(CYR61) is a crucial actor in skin expansion and that CCN1 can promote skin growth by enhancing EMT via the β-catenin pathway. Moreover, intracutaneous injection of rhCCN1 promotes skin growth during skin expansion.…”