Tannins of Grain Sorghum: Luteoforol (Leucoluteolinidin), 3′,4,4′,5,7‐Pentahydroxyflavan

Bate-Smith, E.C.; Rasper, V.F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00919.x

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…5,6 These are also difficult compounds to identify, largely owing to their unextractable nature. 7,8 Together with anthocyanins, PA and PB are responsible for most of the pigmentation found in mature seed coats. 2,9 Lignin, another major polymer found in seed coats, has also been associated with the fibre fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical characterisation of unextractable seed coat pigments and quantification of extractable lignin in the Brassicaceae

Marles

Gruber

2004

J Sci Food Agric

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The differences determined by in situ histochemical staining and thioglycolic lignin analyses provided a new view of seed coat composition in a range of yellow-and brown-seeded germplasm of the Brassicaceae. Unextractable seed coat pigments were composed of proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) polymers. Anthocyanins were absent in all seed coat tissues. Proanthocyanidin was deposited over the entire seed coat in dark-seeded germplasm and in patches in some yellow-seeded germplasm. The seed coat and hilum of Crambe abyssinica cv Prophet and some yellow-seeded accessions contained an unidentified, unreactive brown pigment. Several new pigmentation patterns, occurring as spots and patches and surrounding the hilum, became apparent from this analysis. Thioglycolic lignin was significantly lower in yellow-seeded samples compared with the dark-seeded accessions, and the majority of the lignin occurred in the seed coat. These discoveries provide new and useful data for plant breeders and indicate the need to use more detailed analytical methods in breeding programmes that have the goal of improving seed meal quality by reducing fibre and phenolics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical characterisation of unextractable seed coat pigments and quantification of extractable lignin in the Brassicaceae

Marles

Gruber

2004

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Becker (5) found that, among various grains, sorghum had the highest percentage of phosphorus present as part of phytic acid (75%). High tannin content in some varieties of sorghum make it difficult to digest (9,13,14,29,46; D. D. McGinty, Ph.D. thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex., 1968), and the astringency of the milled product may make it unpalatable (4,8). However, from an economic standpoint, high tannin content in sorghum may be an advantage because it renders the grain resistant to birds (51) and molds (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of fermented and unfermented sorghum meal diets naturally contaminated with mycotoxins

Kazanas¹,

Ely²,

Fields³

et al. 1984

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Male weanling rats fed diets containing fermented and unfermented tannin-free sorghum meals naturally contaminated with traces of ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and an unidentified toxic substance developed anorexia. Mean changes in body weight over a 28-day feeding period for rats fed fermented and unfermented sorghum meal and ANCR casein diets of 8% protein were-2.8, + 13.8, and + 100.5 g, respectively. Rats fed fermented sorghum meal developed alopecia; hematological findings showed a decreased mean corpuscular volume, hypochromic microcytosis, balanced leukopenia, and hypoproteinuria. Histological findings showed testicular hypoplasia of the germinal epithelium and no mature spermatozoa. Necrosis and mineralization in Henle's loop were also observed. No damage was apparent to the liver, cerebellum, cerebrum, spleen, or adrenal glands.

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“…2). Luteoforol has been prepared in the laboratory by the reduction of eriodictyol with sodium borohydride (Bate-Smith and Rasper, 1969). It is proposed that such a reduction can take place biochemically in the plant, and that, in the material studied, this reaction was under the control of gene R. In Abu Taiman, because gene T was in the recessive condition, the biosynthesis of luteoforol was blocked, and eriodictyol and its chalcone accumulated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genetic and biochemical study on pericarp pigments in a cross between two cultivars of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor

Kambal

Bate-Smith

1976

Heredity

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SUMMARYIn a cross between a yellow-seeded variety, Abu Taiman, and a white-seeded variety, CK 60, the F1 produced red seeds. The yellow pigment in Abu Taiman was tentatively identified as erodictyol chalcorie, and the red seeds, when heated with mineral acid, produced the red anthocyanidins, luteolinidin and apigeninidin. Pericarp colour in the cross studied, appeared to be controlled by two independent factors, denoted by T and R. While r was a basic gene for the synthesis of the flavonoid skeleton, gene R appeared to control the reduction of the flavanone (eriodictyol) into its corresponding pentahydroxyflavan (luteoforol) from which the red anthocyanidin luteolinidin, was produced. A pathway for the biosynthesis of luteolinidin has been suggested.

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Tannins of Grain Sorghum: Luteoforol (Leucoluteolinidin), 3′,4,4′,5,7‐Pentahydroxyflavan

Abstract: General procedureGrain samples (0.5 g) were shaken gently with 50 ml of the acid reagent in 250 ml stoppered, round-bottomed flasks at specified temperatures for periods of l-3 days. Absorption curves of the colored extracts were recorded

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Histochemical characterisation of unextractable seed coat pigments and quantification of extractable lignin in the Brassicaceae

Histochemical characterisation of unextractable seed coat pigments and quantification of extractable lignin in the Brassicaceae

Toxic effects of fermented and unfermented sorghum meal diets naturally contaminated with mycotoxins

A genetic and biochemical study on pericarp pigments in a cross between two cultivars of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor

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