“…), presence of infection, extraction method-time (soxhlet, maceration, etc.) and solvent used (Kraus et al, 2003;Abilleira et al, 2021). In woody species, tannin concentrations in the leaf are usually between 150 and 250 mg/g DW (Kraus et al, 2004a).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…brutia (Turkish pine, Pinaceae) and Q. coccifera (Kermes oak, Fagaceae) are two important species distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. In both species, they are used for the production of wood, tannin, seeds and resin, as well as preventing soil erosion (Petins et al, 2021;Abilleira et al, 2021;Jaramillo et al, 2022;Ghazghazi et al, 2022). Valuable secondary metabolites (monoterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, lignans and saponins) in Pinus and Quercus genera (Ito et al, 2002;Sakar et al, 2005;Sancho-Knapik et al, 2017;Kanchan et al, 2020) provide the use of these plant extracts for phytotherapy purposes (treatment of diabetes, diarrhea, hyperpigmentation and wounds) (Bulut et al, 2017).…”
Tannins, which are polyphenols with a wide variety of quality-quantity that control the carbon and nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems, are very interesting because of their protein binding abilities and forming a complex structure with other compounds. In this study, the purified tannin content of Pinus brutia Ten. and Quercus coccifera L., the two dominant plant species of the Eastern Mediterranean region, and the effect of these tannins on C dynamics in a forest soil (O and A horizon) were evaluated. In addition, antimicrobial effects of tannin extracts on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis bacteria by disc diffusion method and antimutagenic effects on Allium cepa root tip cells were evaluated. Total phenol (TP) and condense tannins (CT) concentrations of P. brutia and C. coccifera leaves ranged from 0.78–1.33 μg/100mg DW and 4.68–1.35 μg/100mg DW, respectively. With the addition of tannin extract to the soils, C mineralization (27th day) was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Both P. brutia tannin extract (PTE) and C. coccifera tannin extract (QTE) exhibited antibacterial activity in the range of 8±0.21–35±1.12 mm zone diameter by inhibiting their microbial growth against test microorganisms. In addition, tannin treatments caused a dose-dependent mitotic index decrease in onion root tip cells and a serious inhibition by showing toxic effects on mitotic division stages. As a result, our data showed that C mineralization in soil is affected by different tannin sources and these tannin extracts have significant antimicrobial activity against pathogens and cytotoxic activity in Allium cepa root tip cells.
“…), presence of infection, extraction method-time (soxhlet, maceration, etc.) and solvent used (Kraus et al, 2003;Abilleira et al, 2021). In woody species, tannin concentrations in the leaf are usually between 150 and 250 mg/g DW (Kraus et al, 2004a).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…brutia (Turkish pine, Pinaceae) and Q. coccifera (Kermes oak, Fagaceae) are two important species distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. In both species, they are used for the production of wood, tannin, seeds and resin, as well as preventing soil erosion (Petins et al, 2021;Abilleira et al, 2021;Jaramillo et al, 2022;Ghazghazi et al, 2022). Valuable secondary metabolites (monoterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, lignans and saponins) in Pinus and Quercus genera (Ito et al, 2002;Sakar et al, 2005;Sancho-Knapik et al, 2017;Kanchan et al, 2020) provide the use of these plant extracts for phytotherapy purposes (treatment of diabetes, diarrhea, hyperpigmentation and wounds) (Bulut et al, 2017).…”
Tannins, which are polyphenols with a wide variety of quality-quantity that control the carbon and nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems, are very interesting because of their protein binding abilities and forming a complex structure with other compounds. In this study, the purified tannin content of Pinus brutia Ten. and Quercus coccifera L., the two dominant plant species of the Eastern Mediterranean region, and the effect of these tannins on C dynamics in a forest soil (O and A horizon) were evaluated. In addition, antimicrobial effects of tannin extracts on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis bacteria by disc diffusion method and antimutagenic effects on Allium cepa root tip cells were evaluated. Total phenol (TP) and condense tannins (CT) concentrations of P. brutia and C. coccifera leaves ranged from 0.78–1.33 μg/100mg DW and 4.68–1.35 μg/100mg DW, respectively. With the addition of tannin extract to the soils, C mineralization (27th day) was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Both P. brutia tannin extract (PTE) and C. coccifera tannin extract (QTE) exhibited antibacterial activity in the range of 8±0.21–35±1.12 mm zone diameter by inhibiting their microbial growth against test microorganisms. In addition, tannin treatments caused a dose-dependent mitotic index decrease in onion root tip cells and a serious inhibition by showing toxic effects on mitotic division stages. As a result, our data showed that C mineralization in soil is affected by different tannin sources and these tannin extracts have significant antimicrobial activity against pathogens and cytotoxic activity in Allium cepa root tip cells.
“…into products of added value, such as biofuels and biochemical products, while solving waste management issues [4][5][6][7][8]. Wood consumption in the milling industry creates copious amounts of waste (sawdust and bark) [9], which constitute a source of raw matter that could be used in biorefinery through the extraction of its biocomponents such as polyphenols and stilbenes and waxes, among others [5,[10][11][12]. These compounds can be used in the timber industry with bioadhesives, bioplastics or preservatives of lower environmental impact [5,7].…”
Pinus elliottii Engelm bark is a byproduct of Uruguay’s milling industry. As a circular economy strategy, it is burned in broilers for energy production. Aiming to increase the added value of the bark, this work analyzes the extraction of its tannins to use them in the development of formaldehyde-free adhesives, while evaluating whether it retains its calorific power for further energy production. The best extraction conditions (methanol at 65 °C for 2 h) were identified at a laboratory level after which they were scaled up to 50 L, which did not affect extraction yield. The Stiasny number remained above 65%, meaning the extractive was suitable for its use in adhesive formulations. The characterization of the extractives was completed with molecular weight distribution, FTIR-ATR, ABES and DSC. Finally, two formaldehyde-free adhesive formulations were developed using hexamine and glyoxal as hardeners. Their behaviors were compared through rheological analysis, DSC and ABES. It was determined that the adhesive formulations with hexamine at pHs of 8 and 10 are suitable for their use in the timber industry. It was noted that they react the best at a pressing temperature of 160 °C. After the extraction, the calorific power of the P. elliottii Engelm bark decreased by only 13%, thus remaining useful for energy production.
“…Bark can contribute to the modern construction philosophy: to use materials with a low environmental impact and a high proportion of recycled materials while maintaining the parameters of a healthy building [42,43]. Besides showing advantageous properties such as a low density, a high resistance against microorganisms and fire, a low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal diffusivity [44,45], bark also presents a high heat storage capacity [46][47][48].…”
The potential of tree bark, a by-product of the woodworking industry, has been studied for more than seven decades. Bark, as a sustainable raw material, can replace wood or other resources in numerous applications in construction. In this study, the acoustic properties of bark-based panels were analyzed. The roles of the particle size (4–11 mm and 10–30 mm), particle orientation (parallel and perpendicular) and density (350–700 kg/m3) of samples with 30 mm and 60 mm thicknesses were studied at frequencies ranging from 50 to 6400 Hz. Bark-based boards with fine-grained particles have been shown to be better in terms of sound absorption coefficient values compared with coarse-grained particles. Bark composites mixed with popcorn bonded with UF did not return the expected results, and it is not possible to recommend this solution. The best density of bark boards to obtain the best sound absorption coefficients is about 350 kg/m3. These lightweight panels achieved better sound-absorbing properties (especially at lower frequencies) at higher thicknesses. The noise reduction coefficient of 0.5 obtained a sample with fine particles with a parallel orientation and a density of around 360 kg/m3.
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