“…The zeta potential measurement results of pure minerals as a function of pH indicated (Figures 5-7) that the point of zero charges (pzc) of pure biotite, phlogopite, and quartz occurred around pH 2. Similar results were reported in other investigations (Table 2) [10,13,24,37,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. EDA solution (30 mg/dm 3 ) exhibited a positive charge over a wide pH range (Figures 5-7) which is associated with its cationic active species, e.g., aminium ion, RNH3+, and dimerization of aminium ions: (RNH3)2+.…”
Section: Residual Surface Tensionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Experiments were conducted in a 60 mL Hallimond tube using 50 mL/min nitrogen flow rate, and the average results were considered. A mechanical stirrer was used at a speed of 1380 r/min [10]. During each test, 1.0 g of pure mineral sample and pre-adjusted water (pH ~10) were mixed into the tube, and then the slurry was treated for 1 min.…”
Section: Micro-flotationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Before and after EDA treatment, zeta potential measurements of minerals were conducted using a Malvern zeta sizer (nano-ZS90). To determine the ZPC, zeta potentials were measured at different pH values (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), in the presence of 30 mg/dm 3 EDA. Moreover, measurements were done at different concentrations of EDA (5,10,20,30,75, and 140 mg/dm 3 ), at pH 10; 50 ± 1 mg of the minerals was added to a 100 mL aqueous solution with an assigned EDA concentration for each pH value and stirred for 3 min.…”
Section: Zeta Potentialmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mineral flotation separation, as a physicochemical process, is a well-known technique for the purification of target minerals which become finely liberated (mainly +25-100 micron) [1,2]. Currently, froth flotation is globally considered for processing various finely disseminated minerals (sulphides [3][4][5][6], oxides [7][8][9][10][11][12], silicates [7,8,10,12], phosphates [7,13,14], etc). In direct flotation, target minerals are floated, whereas in reverse flotation, valuable minerals are sunk, and gangue minerals are rejected in the froth phase [1,2].…”
Micaceous minerals, known as layer silicates, are counted mostly as the gangue minerals associated with valuable minerals, especially iron oxides. They mainly reject through the reverse flotation process using the cationic collectors, e.g., ether amines, to improve process sustainability. Although ether amines have been applied for floating the wide range of silicates, few investigations explored their adsorption behaviors on the micaceous minerals. In this study, flotation of phlogopite, biotite, and quartz (for comparison purposes) in the presence of Flotigam®EDA (EDA) (commercial ether monoamine collector), at pH 10 was investigated through the single mineral micro–flotation experiments. Adsorption behaviors were explored by the contact angle, residual surface tension measurements, and zeta potential analyses. Micro–flotation outcomes indicated that the quartz floatability was more than phlogopite and biotite. In the presence of 30 mg/dm3 EDA, their recoveries were 97.1, 46.3, and 63.8%, respectively. Increasing EDA concentration made a substantial increase in micaceous minerals’ floatability. Adsorption assessments confirmed that increasing the EDA concentration resulted in higher adsorption of EDA onto the surface of micaceous minerals than the quartz (all by physical adsorption). Such a behavior could be related to the nature of micaceous minerals, including their layer structure and low hardness.
“…The zeta potential measurement results of pure minerals as a function of pH indicated (Figures 5-7) that the point of zero charges (pzc) of pure biotite, phlogopite, and quartz occurred around pH 2. Similar results were reported in other investigations (Table 2) [10,13,24,37,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. EDA solution (30 mg/dm 3 ) exhibited a positive charge over a wide pH range (Figures 5-7) which is associated with its cationic active species, e.g., aminium ion, RNH3+, and dimerization of aminium ions: (RNH3)2+.…”
Section: Residual Surface Tensionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Experiments were conducted in a 60 mL Hallimond tube using 50 mL/min nitrogen flow rate, and the average results were considered. A mechanical stirrer was used at a speed of 1380 r/min [10]. During each test, 1.0 g of pure mineral sample and pre-adjusted water (pH ~10) were mixed into the tube, and then the slurry was treated for 1 min.…”
Section: Micro-flotationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Before and after EDA treatment, zeta potential measurements of minerals were conducted using a Malvern zeta sizer (nano-ZS90). To determine the ZPC, zeta potentials were measured at different pH values (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), in the presence of 30 mg/dm 3 EDA. Moreover, measurements were done at different concentrations of EDA (5,10,20,30,75, and 140 mg/dm 3 ), at pH 10; 50 ± 1 mg of the minerals was added to a 100 mL aqueous solution with an assigned EDA concentration for each pH value and stirred for 3 min.…”
Section: Zeta Potentialmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mineral flotation separation, as a physicochemical process, is a well-known technique for the purification of target minerals which become finely liberated (mainly +25-100 micron) [1,2]. Currently, froth flotation is globally considered for processing various finely disseminated minerals (sulphides [3][4][5][6], oxides [7][8][9][10][11][12], silicates [7,8,10,12], phosphates [7,13,14], etc). In direct flotation, target minerals are floated, whereas in reverse flotation, valuable minerals are sunk, and gangue minerals are rejected in the froth phase [1,2].…”
Micaceous minerals, known as layer silicates, are counted mostly as the gangue minerals associated with valuable minerals, especially iron oxides. They mainly reject through the reverse flotation process using the cationic collectors, e.g., ether amines, to improve process sustainability. Although ether amines have been applied for floating the wide range of silicates, few investigations explored their adsorption behaviors on the micaceous minerals. In this study, flotation of phlogopite, biotite, and quartz (for comparison purposes) in the presence of Flotigam®EDA (EDA) (commercial ether monoamine collector), at pH 10 was investigated through the single mineral micro–flotation experiments. Adsorption behaviors were explored by the contact angle, residual surface tension measurements, and zeta potential analyses. Micro–flotation outcomes indicated that the quartz floatability was more than phlogopite and biotite. In the presence of 30 mg/dm3 EDA, their recoveries were 97.1, 46.3, and 63.8%, respectively. Increasing EDA concentration made a substantial increase in micaceous minerals’ floatability. Adsorption assessments confirmed that increasing the EDA concentration resulted in higher adsorption of EDA onto the surface of micaceous minerals than the quartz (all by physical adsorption). Such a behavior could be related to the nature of micaceous minerals, including their layer structure and low hardness.
“…When examining magnetite particles, the increase in TSI values (reduced dispersion) could help explain the depression effect of PGA, which might be due to aggregation/flocculation, thus hindering flotation. Similar observations have been reported in which polysaccharides interact with iron oxides from aggregations 43 , 44 . Figure 8 Stability of magnetite and quartz suspensions in the absence and presence of PGA (100 mg/L and pH 10).…”
Grinding is the most energy-intensive step in mineral beneficiation processes. The use of grinding aids (GAs) could be an innovative solution to reduce the high energy consumption associated with size reduction. Surprisingly, little is known about the effects of GAs on downstream mineral beneficiation processes, such as flotation separation. The use of ecofriendly GAs such as polysaccharide-based materials would help multiply the reduction of environmental issues in mineral processing plants. As a practical approach, this work explored the effects of a novel polysaccharide-based grinding aid (PGA) on magnetite's grinding and its reverse flotation. Batch grinding tests indicated that PGA improved grinding performance by reducing energy consumption, narrowing particle size distribution of products, and increasing their surface area compared to grinding without PGA. Flotation tests on pure samples illustrated that PGA has beneficial effects on magnetite depression (with negligible effect on quartz floatability) through reverse flotation separation. Flotation of the artificial mixture ground sample in the presence of PGA confirmed the benefits, giving a maximum Fe recovery and grade of 84.4 and 62.5%, respectively. In the absence of starch (depressant), PGA resulted in a separation efficiency of 56.1% compared to 43.7% without PGA. The PGA adsorption mechanism was mainly via physical interaction based on UV–vis spectra, zeta potential tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and stability analyses. In general, the feasibility of using PGA, a natural green polymer, was beneficial for both grinding and reverse flotation separation performance.
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