This book, written by Michael Rothberg, a Professor of English and Comparative Literature and Samuel Goetz, Chair in Holocaust Studies at the University of California, is both an eye opener and a life changer.The book is a deep and profound work ranging over a mix of ethics, politics, philosophy and psychology. Its intention is to interrogate a range of moral and psychological consequences of both, 'the legacies of violent histories and the sociopolitical dynamics that create suffering and inequality in the present ' (p.11).Although the book necessarily draws on the past, its real work is with the present-with the consequences of the past in the present; with the nature and distribution of responsibility in the present for events in a long-gone-past, much prior to the birth of those living in the present. The trajectory of the book turns out to entail a radical critique of individualistic accounts of violent histories and their consequences. It is in these sorts of ways and territories that the book turns out to be of surprising relevance to the theory and practice of psychotherapy in general and Foulkesian group analytic psychotherapy in particular.In this book Rothberg works his way through a number of violent histories and their continuing legacies in the present: the Nazi Holocaust, slavery, South African apartheid, Israel/Palestine, France/Vietnam, Turkey/Kurdistan, and with each he deepens the complexity of his analysis of morality, justice and the human condition. Rothberg's analysis is located in what Primo Levi has called the grey zone (2015). The grey zone, which requires the elaboration and extension of the well-known tidy trinity: persecutor, victim and bystander.This stark trinity had already previously been critically enriched by the addition of the idea of the 'beneficiary' by Robert Meister (2011), Bruce Robbins (2017) and others. The beneficiary being someone who comes to benefit 'innocently' from the ways that societal structures emerge out of those violent histories-for example White persons alive today in Great Britain and North America in the aftermath of slavery, and in South Africa in the aftermath of Apartheid.