Tangible Web Layout Design for Blind and Visually Impaired People

Tangible Web: An Interactive Immersion Virtual Reality Creativity System that Travels Across Reality

“…Similarly, Ashrith Shetty et al [25] created a touchable web page that allowed visually impaired individuals to experience the layout of web pages with their hands. Jiasheng Li et al [16] proposed a device that provided real-time tangible feedback to allow visually impaired users to understand the layout of web pages.…”

Accessibility of UI Frameworks and Libraries for Programmers with Visual Impairments

“…To address these challenges, Borka developed the Developer Toolkit, an NVDA addon, that informs developers of location and dimensions of UI elements [38]. Researchers have also developed multimodal systems to convey spatial layout of webpages in non-visual formats -using tactile print-outs to represent the HTML [33]; organizing tactile beads on a sensing board to create new layouts [39]; using gestures to edit HTML/CSS on tablets with VoiceOver feedback [40]. Potluri et al have discussed the potential of using AI to support color selection, iconography, layout design, etc [41]; their representation in tactile forms (e.g., color wheel diagrams, braille font charts, etc) have shown promise in teaching web development [36].…”