Taming the tide of HIV and TTI scourge in Sub-Saharan Africa using autologous blood transfusion

Nwabuko, Ogbonna Collins; Nnoli, Martin; Adaunwo, Okoh Dorothy; Chukwuonye, Innocent Ijezie

doi:10.7243/2052-434x-1-7

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The patient with the highest number of blood transfusion received 25 units of blood within a duration of 3 months. However, in addition to blood transfusion that may be associated with transmissible diseases, 29 erythropoietin was also used to correct the anemia in those patients who could afford it. Three of the patients with severe anemia refused blood transfusion on account of their faith and were treated with rhEPO for the anemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma in Niger Delta, Nigeria: complications and the outcome of palliative interventions

Nwabuko

Igbigbi

Chukwuonye³

et al. 2017

CMAR

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BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is one of the hematological malignancies that require palliative care. This is because of the life-threatening nature and the suffering associated with the illness. The aim of this study is to bring to the fore the complications experienced by people living with MM in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria and the outcome of various palliative interventions.MethodsThis was a 10-year multi-center retrospective study of 26 patients diagnosed and managed in three major centers in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria from January 2003 to December 2012. Information on the clinical, laboratory, radiological data, and palliative treatment was obtained at presentation and subsequently at intervals of 3 months until the patient was lost to follow-up.ResultThe mean duration from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 13.12 months (95% CI, 6.65–19.58). A total of 16 (61.5%), eight (30.8%), and two subjects (7.7%) presented in Durie–Salmon (DS) stages III, II, and I, respectively. The complications presented by patients at diagnoses included bone pain (84.6%), anemia (61.5%), nephropathy (23.1%), and hemiplegia (35%). All the patients received analgesics, while 50.0% received blood transfusion, 56.7% had surgery performed, 19% had hemodialysis, and 3.8% received radiotherapy. A total of 10 (38%) patients benefited from bisphosphonates (BPs). A total of 57.6% of patients were on melphalan–prednisone (MP) double regimen, while 19% and 8% patients were on MP–thalidomide and MP–bortezomib triple regimens, respectively. A total of 3.8% of patients at DS stage IIIB disease had autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). Only 7.6% of the myeloma patients survived up to 5 years post diagnosis. The overall mean survival interval was 39.7 months (95% CI, 32.1–47.2).ConclusionLate diagnosis and inadequate palliative care account for major complications encountered by MM patients in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. This could be responsible for the poor prognostic outcome and low survival interval of MM individuals in this region. There is, therefore, a need to improve the quality of palliative care received by myeloma patients in this region. This is achievable via provision of relevant and affordable health care facilities for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma in Niger Delta, Nigeria: complications and the outcome of palliative interventions

Nwabuko

Igbigbi

Chukwuonye³

et al. 2017

CMAR

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“…Any of these could account for the low seroprevalence of the above transfusion transmissible infections encountered in our study. There is need to scaleup the screening processes of blood in our regional blood banks to antigen-based method [27]. Similarly, the mode of selection of our prospective blood donors must be addressed as majority of them, if not all, are commercial (remunerated/ paid) donors.…”

Section: Conclusion/recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis in blood donors in a tertiary health facility in south eastern Nigeria

Nwokeukwu¹,

Nwabuko²,

Chuku³

et al. 2014

Hematol Leuk

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Background: Blood donation is a very important life saving intervention in health care services. It is also known that some diseases are transmitted from the seemly healthy blood donors like HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Syphilis and WHO has recommended that these diseases should be screened to get safe blood. Since screening of blood donors is done in this health facility, it is therefore necessary to know the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in these blood donors. This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis in prospective blood donors in our health institution. Methodology: This was a retrospective study. The records of the blood donors were reviewed and Biodata and positivity of the diseases were collected. Data was analyzed with Excel and Epi-info. Results: The total of 2626 blood donors were recruited in 2012 out of which 2292 (87.3%) were males, 271 (10.3%) females, .7397] and 63, undocumented gender (2.4%). Majority of the donors were within the age group 29-39 (43.3%, N=1143). The seroprevalance of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis were 0.3% (N=8), 0.3% (N=8), 0.2% (N=5), 0.1% (N=3) respectively. All the cases were males. Conclusion:The study revealed a low prevalence of transfusion transmissible infectious agents among our prospective blood donors. It could be that people who know their status do not come for blood donation or as a result of other challenges confronting safe blood practices in sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…Again, this was not unexpected as hepatitis B virus is a transfusion transmissible infectious agent. Previous studies have shown unsafe blood transfusion practice as one of the modes of transmission of HBV infection especially in resource-limited centers of sub-Saharan Africa where the standard of screening is poor and commercial (remunerated) blood donation constitute major source of blood supply in the national blood transfusion centers [36,40]. The odd ratio (OR) of previous blood transfusion from this study was 5.2.…”

Section: Sero-epidemiology Of Hbsag Among Health Workers In a South-ementioning

confidence: 68%

Sero-Epidemiology of HBsAg among Health Workers in a South-eastern Nigerian Health Center: Challenges in Diagnosis

Nwabuko¹

2016

JHVRV

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Hepatitis B virus infection represent a major public health problem responsible for acute and chronic viral infections, HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. Sub-Saharan Africa is worse hit by HBV infection and its related morbidity and mortality. Despite the burden of HBV in the region, the challenges confronting people living with HBV include making diagnosis and provision of their comparable estimates. This study aimed at analyzing the sero-prevalence of HBsAg among health workers and possible challenges in assessment of HBV prevalence in a resource-limited sub-Saharan African country. Blood samples from 275 consented health workers were tested for HBsAg using third generation ELISA. Data analysis was obtained using SPSS version 20. HBsAg screening was performed on a consecutive sample of 275 respondents (95 males and 180 females with M/F ratio of 1:1.9) aged 18-59 years who voluntarily turned up for the survey. Mean age ± SD was 36.1 ± 9.6 years. The overall prevalence of HBV was 1.5% (4/275). The prevalence in females 3/180 (1.7%) was insignificantly higher than males 1/95 (1.1%) (P>0.05).In relation to age group, the younger age group (< 20 years) has significantly higher prevalence (1/5 (20%) compared to other age groups (P=0.02). Blood transfusion and vaginal discharge (STD) were the highest predisposing factors to HBV infection with ORs of 5.9 and 4.2 respectively. This study, although limited by small sample size, showed a reduced prevalence of HBV among the health workers. The result from this study may not be a true reflection of the prevalence of HBV in south-eastern Nigeria, hence the need to involve larger population size in subsequent study. There is need to institute elaborated serological and virological diagnostic markers for the diagnosis of HBV infection in our health institutions. Also, targeted group health education and national guidelines for hepatitis B prevention and treatment must be provided by the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. These interventions will go a long way to curb the prevalence of HBV infection to the barest minimum.

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Taming the tide of HIV and TTI scourge in Sub-Saharan Africa using autologous blood transfusion

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Multiple myeloma in Niger Delta, Nigeria: complications and the outcome of palliative interventions

Multiple myeloma in Niger Delta, Nigeria: complications and the outcome of palliative interventions

Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis in blood donors in a tertiary health facility in south eastern Nigeria

Sero-Epidemiology of HBsAg among Health Workers in a South-eastern Nigerian Health Center: Challenges in Diagnosis

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