Taming the Elephant:
            <i>Salmonella</i>
            Biology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention

Andrews‐Polymenis, Helene; Bäumler, Andreas J.; McCormick, Beth A.; Fang, Ferric C.

doi:10.1128/iai.00096-10

Cited by 96 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Much has been learned about Salmonella pathogenesis in recent decades (6). Salmonella is distinguished from other enteric bacteria principally on the basis of acquired DNA in the form of genomic islands, smaller islets, plasmids, and bacteriophages.…”

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confidence: 99%

Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγ^nullmice are susceptible to lethalSalmonellaTyphi infection

Libby

Brehm

Greiner

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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109

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγ^nullmice are susceptible to lethalSalmonellaTyphi infection

Libby

Brehm

Greiner

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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119

109

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“…Typhoidal salmonellae such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) cause systemic infections characterized by bacterial penetration of the intestinal barrier and extraintestinal dissemination to the liver and spleen, where the microorganisms survive and replicate in professional phagocytes. Septic shock and death can occur if systemic infections with salmonellae are left untreated (1,2).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…almonellae are a leading and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide (1,2). Infections with salmonellae range in severity from self-limiting gastroenteritis to typhoid fever.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CD11b⁺Ly6C^hiLy6G⁻Immature Myeloid Cells Recruited in Response to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Exhibit Protective and Immunosuppressive Properties

et al. 2014

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“…yphoid fever is acquired upon oral ingestion of food or water contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi or Paratyphi and remains a serious threat to public health, especially in developing countries (1). Human typhoid fever causes a broad range of clinical signs, including splenomegaly, neuropathy, and hematopathology, such as cytopenias (2), that have been modeled in laboratory mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Increased Ferroportin-1 Expression and Rapid Splenic Iron Loss Occur with Anemia Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Mice

et al. 2015

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e The Gram-negative intracellular bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes persistent systemic inflammatory disease in immunocompetent mice. Following oral inoculation with S. Typhimurium, mice develop a hematopathological syndrome akin to typhoid fever with splenomegaly, microcytic anemia, extramedullary erythropoiesis, and increased hemophagocytic macrophages in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. Additionally, there is marked loss of iron from the spleen, an unanticipated result, given the iron sequestration reported in anemia of inflammatory disease. To establish why tissue iron does not accumulate, we evaluated multiple measures of pathology for 4 weeks following oral infection in mice. We demonstrate a quantitative decrease in splenic iron following infection despite increased numbers of splenic phagocytes. Infected mice have increased duodenal expression of the iron exporter ferroportin-1, consistent with increased uptake of dietary iron. Liver and splenic macrophages also express high levels of ferroportin-1. These observations indicate that splenic and hepatic macrophages export iron during S. Typhimurium infection, in contrast to macrophage iron sequestration observed in anemia of inflammatory disease. Tissue macrophage export of iron occurs concurrent with high serum concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN-␥) and interleukin 12 (IL-12). In individual mice, high concentrations of both proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-␣])and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in serum correlate with increased tissue bacterial loads throughout 4 weeks of infection. These in vivo observations are consistent with previous cell culture studies and suggest that the relocation of iron from tissue macrophages during infection may contribute to anemia and also to host survival of acute S. Typhimurium infection.T yphoid fever is acquired upon oral ingestion of food or water contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi or Paratyphi and remains a serious threat to public health, especially in developing countries (1). Human typhoid fever causes a broad range of clinical signs, including splenomegaly, neuropathy, and hematopathology, such as cytopenias (2), that have been modeled in laboratory mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (3). Inbred mouse strains with differing genetic backgrounds are characterized as either sensitive or resistant to S. Typhimurium. Sensitivity to the intracellular bacterial infection is caused by genetic deficiencies in the innate or adaptive immune system (4, 5). For instance, mice lacking the cation transporter Nramp1 (Slc11a1), a regulator of cellular iron metabolism, are extremely sensitive to infection. Nramp1 ϩ mice are considered resistant to S. Typhimurium, because infection is generally nonfatal (6-8). Resistant mice infected by natural oral inoculation develop systemic infection with an acute hematopathological syndrome similar to that of humans with typhoid fever, including fever, anemia, inflammatory disease characterized by periph...

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Taming the Elephant: Salmonella Biology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention

Cited by 96 publications

References 145 publications

Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγ^nullmice are susceptible to lethalSalmonellaTyphi infection

Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγ^nullmice are susceptible to lethalSalmonellaTyphi infection

CD11b⁺Ly6C^hiLy6G⁻Immature Myeloid Cells Recruited in Response to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Exhibit Protective and Immunosuppressive Properties

Increased Ferroportin-1 Expression and Rapid Splenic Iron Loss Occur with Anemia Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Mice

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Taming the Elephant: Salmonella Biology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention

Cited by 96 publications

References 145 publications

Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγnullmice are susceptible to lethalSalmonellaTyphi infection

Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγnullmice are susceptible to lethalSalmonellaTyphi infection

CD11b+Ly6ChiLy6G−Immature Myeloid Cells Recruited in Response to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Exhibit Protective and Immunosuppressive Properties

Increased Ferroportin-1 Expression and Rapid Splenic Iron Loss Occur with Anemia Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Mice

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Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγ^nullmice are susceptible to lethalSalmonellaTyphi infection

Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγ^nullmice are susceptible to lethalSalmonellaTyphi infection

CD11b⁺Ly6C^hiLy6G⁻Immature Myeloid Cells Recruited in Response to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Exhibit Protective and Immunosuppressive Properties