Taming Polysulfides in an Li–S Battery With Low-Temperature One-step Chemical Synthesis of Titanium Carbide Nanoparticles From Waste PTFE

Abstract

In this work, titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized at much lower temperatures of 500°C using cheaper starting materials, such as waste polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (carbon source) and titanium and metallic sodium, than the traditional carbothermal reduction of TiO2 at 1,800°C. An XRD pattern proved the formation of face-centered cubic TiC, and TEM images showed the obtained TiC nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 50 nm. In addition, the separator coated with TiC nanoparticles as an active material of interlayer effectively mitigates the shuttling problem by taming the polysulfides in Li–S batteries compared with a traditional celgard separator. The assembled cell realizes good cycling stability with 501 mAh g−1 and a low capacity fading of 0.1% per cycle after 300 cycles at 1 C due to high utilization of the sulfur-based active species.

Separator Materials for Lithium Sulfur Battery-A Review

“…The resulting LSB delivered a high capacity of 1,242 mAh g -1 at initial cycle and the capacity remained at 736 mAh g -1 even after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, which are superior results compared to an LSB with a commercial separator (respectively 827 and 373 mAh g -1 ). They also proved that the improved electrochemical properties and high electronic conductivity of the TiC nanoparticles resulted in low capacity decay during rate performance 89 . Zhao et al also fabricated a novel TiC-modified PP separator and applied as LBS separator.…”

Separator Materials for Lithium Sulfur Battery—A Review

“…A capacity as high as 1242 mAh g −1 was detected at the first cycle with the LSB prepared with the TiC-attached separator, and even after 100 cycles, a 736 mAh g −1 capacity was retained, which are superior results compared to an LSB with a commercial separator (respectively, 827 and 373 mAh g −1 ). They also proved that the high electronic conductivity of the TiC resulted in a low capacity decay during rate performance [95]. Zhao et al also fabricated a novel TiC-modified PP separator and applied it as an LBS separator.…”

“…A nanocrystalline niobium carbide was synthesized using practical scalable autoclave technology and was used as the interlayer material for an LSB by Cai et al [95]. The prepared nanocrystalline niobium carbide exhibited a strong ability to anchor LiPS species, which were highly effective in improving cycling performance and rate capabilities.…”

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis: fundamental practices and recent developments in transition metal boride, carbide and nitride-class of catalysts

“…As a consequence of the synergistic effect, 1T-MoS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 composites demonstrated excellent stability, excellent durability, and remarkable NRR activity, with a faradaic efficiency of 5.26% and a nitrogen production rate of 36.28 mg h −1 mg cat −1 at 0.35 V vs. RHE. 139…”