Taming martensitic transformation via concentration modulation at nanoscale

Zhu, Jiaming; Gao, Yipeng; Wang, Dong; Zhang, Tong‐Yi; Wang, Yunzhi

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2017.03.042

Cited by 61 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Beyond the application of external fields discussed above, changes in the nature of the transformation have been demonstrated in ferroelectrics going from bulk to thin films [33] or via randomized composition [34], while martensitic transformations in metallic alloys are considered to be universally first order. Interestingly, recent work has shown intriguing "higher order" characteristics in certain gum metals containing nanoscale variations in composition [19], [20], [35]. Ref.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncharacteristic second order martensitic transformation in metals via epitaxial stress fields

Reeve

Vishnu

Strachan

2020

Journal of Applied Physics

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While most phase transformations, e.g. ferroelectric or ferromagnetic, can be first or second order depending on external applied fields, martensitic transformations in metallic alloys are nearly universally first order. We demonstrate that epitaxial stress originating from the incorporation of a tailored second phase can modify the free energy landscape that governs the phase transition and change its order from first to second. High-fidelity molecular dynamics simulations show a remarkable change in the character of the martensitic transformation in Ni-Al alloys near the critical point. We observe the continuous evolution of the transformation order parameter and scaling with power-law exponents comparable to those in similar transitions. Our theoretical work provides a foundation to recent experimental and computational results.

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncharacteristic second order martensitic transformation in metals via epitaxial stress fields

Reeve

Vishnu

Strachan

2020

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The main advantages of the model ( Levitas et al, 2004;Idesman et al, 2005 ) utilized here in comparison with traditional phase field models ( Artemev et al, 20 01;20 0 0;Wang and Khachaturyan, 1997;Zhu et al, 2017;Cho et al, 2012;Idesman et al, 2008;Levin et al, 2013;Levitas, 2013;Levitas and Javanbakht, 2010;Levitas, 2014 ) are:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost every micromechanical theory of the phase transformation incorporates such a term ( Lim and McDowell, 2002;Levitas and Ozsoy, 2009a;Boyd and Lagoudas, 1996a;Levitas et al, 1999;Gillet et al, 1998;Ozsoy and Babacan, 2016;Patoor and Berveiller, 1997 ). In contrast, the traditional phase field theories ( Artemev et al,20 01; 20 0 0; Wang and Khachaturyan, 1997;Zhu et al, 2017;Cho et al, 2012;Idesman et al, 2008;Steinbach and Apel, 2006;Mosler et al, 2014;Schneider et al, 2015 ) neglect it, except ( Levitas and Lee, 2007;. We accept the linear kinetic Eqs.…”

Section: Box 1 (Problem Formulation) Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A variety of models have been developed to study the heterogeneous strain field and discrete microstructure during the martensitic phase transformation. At the nanoscale, phase field or Ginzburg-Landau approach ( Artemev et al, 20 01;20 0 0;Wang and Khachaturyan, 1997;Zhu et al, 2017 ) is generally employed to simulate the microstructure evolutions in materials. The evolution of phase transformation is determined by Ginzburg-Landau equations for the order parameters η i .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscale phase field modeling of the martensitic transformation during cyclic loading of NiTi single crystal

Esfahani

Ghamarian

Levitas

et al. 2018

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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A microscale phase field model developed in Levitas et al. (2004) and Idesman et al. (2005) is slightly advanced for different and anisotropic elastic moduli of phases and is employed for the study of the stressinduced cubic-monoclinic phase transition in NiTi single crystal involving all 12 martensitic variants. The model is scale-independent, without the gradient term, and it is applicable for any scale greater than 100 nm. This model includes strain softening and the corresponding transformation strain localization, and it reproduces a discrete martensitic microstructure. The model only tracks finite-width interfaces between austenite and the mixture of martensitic variants, and does not consider the interfaces between martensitic variants. The model is implemented as a UMAT subroutine in a commercial finite element (FE) package, ABAQUS. Multiple problems for a uniaxial cyclic loading are solved to study the effect of mesh, strain rate, crystal orientation, different numbers of pre-existing nuclei, and the magnitude of the athermal threshold on the stress-strain responses as well as the microstructure evolution. The obtained results exhibit that the microstructure and global stress-strain responses are practically independent of mesh discretization and the applied strain rate for relatively small strain rates. While the presence of the initial nuclei in the sample decreases the nucleation stress, it slightly increases the total energy dissipation. The observed microstructure, the sudden drop in the stress-strain curve after initiation of the martensitic transformation, and the absence of a similar jump for the reverse phase transformation are in qualitative agreement with known experiments. Changing the crystallographic orientation of the sample varies the entire behavior, namely, the variants which are involved in the phase transformation, the morphology of the associated microstructure, the stress-strain curve, and the total dissipation. Athermal threshold, in addition to the expected increase in the magnitude of hysteresis, leads to some strain hardening for the direct phase transformation. a b s t r a c t A microscale phase field model developed in Levitas et al. (2004) and Idesman et al. ( 2005) is slightly advanced for different and anisotropic elastic moduli of phases and is employed for the study of the stressinduced cubic-monoclinic phase transition in NiTi single crystal involving all 12 martensitic variants. The model is scale-independent, without the gradient term, and it is applicable for any scale greater than 100 nm. This model includes strain softening and the corresponding transformation strain localization, and it reproduces a discrete martensitic microstructure. The model only tracks finite-width interfaces between austenite and the mixture of martensitic variants, and does not consider the interfaces between martensitic variants. The model is implemented as a UMAT subroutine in a commercial finite element (FE) package, ABAQUS. Multiple problems for a uniaxial cyclic loading are solved to st...

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“…(c) Nanoscale phase-field/Ginzburg-Landau models (Artemev et al (2001(Artemev et al ( , 2000; Wang and Khachaturyan (1997); Zhu et al (2017); Idesman et al (2008)), including finite strain models (Levitas et al (2009); Clayton and Knap (2011); Levitas et al (2013); Basak and Levitas (2018)). At the nanoscale, the phasefield approach can describe the formation of discrete nanostructure of austenite and m martensitic variants effectively without a need for the development of a complicated computational algorithm to track sharp martensitic interfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-strain scale-free phase-field approach to multivariant martensitic phase transformations with stress-dependent effective thresholds

Babaei

Levitas

2020

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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A scale-free phase-field model for martensitic phase transformations (PTs) at finite strains is developed as an essential generalization of small-strain models in Levitas et al. (2004) and Idesman et al. (2005). The theory includes finite elastic and transformational strains and rotations as well as anisotropic and different elastic properties of phases. The gradient energy term is excluded, and the model is applicable for any scale greater than 100 nm. The model tracks finite-width interfaces between austenite and the mixture of martensitic variants only; volume fractions of martensitic variants are the internal variables rather than order parameters. The concept of the effective threshold for the driving force is introduced, which can be either positive (e.g., due to interface friction) or negative (e.g., due to defects and stress concentrators promoting PTs). To reproduce PT conditions obtained from experiments or atomistic simulations under general stress tensor, the effective threshold depends on the stress tensor components. Material parameters are calibrated for martensitic PT between single crystalline cubic Si I and tetragonal Si II phases, which has large transformation strains (εt1 = 0.1753 0.1753; εt2 = 0.1753 0.1753; εt3 = −0.447 −0.447). Finite element algorithms and numerical procedures are implemented in the code deal.II. Multiple 3D problems are solved to study the effect of mesh size, holding time during quasi-static loading, and strain rate on the multivariant microstructure evolution in Si I → Si II PT under uniaxial and hydrostatic loadings. The solution exhibits significant lattice rotations both in Si I and Si II, reproducing the appearance of diffuse grain boundaries in Si I and Si II and transforming them in polycrystals, which corresponds to known experiments. While finer mesh can produce a more detailed microstructure, the solution becomes practically mesh-independent after the mesh size is 80 times smaller than the sample size. When approaching the stationary solution, rough mesh leads to convergence to the correct microstructure faster than the fine mesh, because it neglects fine details in the microstructure. In some regions, reverse PT occurs at continuous compression, despite large transformation hysteresis. For most stationary interfaces, local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions (thermodynamic driving force for the interface motion equal to the effective threshold) are satisfied.

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Taming martensitic transformation via concentration modulation at nanoscale

Cited by 61 publications

References 88 publications

Uncharacteristic second order martensitic transformation in metals via epitaxial stress fields

Uncharacteristic second order martensitic transformation in metals via epitaxial stress fields

Microscale phase field modeling of the martensitic transformation during cyclic loading of NiTi single crystal

Finite-strain scale-free phase-field approach to multivariant martensitic phase transformations with stress-dependent effective thresholds

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