“…Such theoretical studies have elucidated the emergence mechanisms of congestion in computer networks (Ohira and Sawatari, 1998), road networks (Biham et al, 1992), airport networks (Ezaki and Nishinari, 2014), production networks (Ezaki, Yanagisawa and Nishinari, 2015), etc. Past studies have found critical determinants of transport performance, such as network topology (Guimerà et al, 2002;Zhao et al, 2005), capacity distribution (Zhao et al, 2005;Wu et al, 2008), routing algorithm (Echenique et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2007;Ling et al, 2010;Ezaki, Nishi and Nishinari, 2015). These factors were taken into consideration in this study.…”