Tamarindus indica mucilage and its acrylamide-grafted copolymer as flocculants for removal of dyes

Mishra, Anuradha; Bajpai, Malvika; Pal, Saikat; Agrawal, Monika; Pandey, Sushant

doi:10.1007/s00396-006-1539-y

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Flocculation is a method with highly effective, inexpensive, and easy to operate among the physicochemical treatment processes of wastewater. Consequently, numerous low-cost flocculants have been studied including polyacrylamide (PAM) and its modifying derivatives, [10][11][12] polyaluminum chloride (PAC), 13 polymerized ferrous sulfate (PFS), 14 aluminum sulfate (AS), [15][16][17] modifying polysaccharides, 18,19 etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan and its capacity to flocculate COD from printing wastewater

Cai

Yang

Zhu

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A bioflocculant, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC), was developed by the quaternization of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CMC) and characterized by FTIR, 1 H-NMR, GPC, and potentiometry. The efficiency of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in printing wastewater by this flocculant was further reported. Results indicated that the capacity of QCMC to remove the COD from tested wastewater was the best one among the investigated flocculants. The pH had great influence on this capacity and the suitable pH for QCMC to treat the tested wastewater was about 5.0. The utilization of aid-flocculant, especially bentonite, could improve this capacity obviously, and the increase of mass ratio of bentonite to QCMC resulted in the increase of the capacities of complex flocculant to remove the COD from the tested wastewater. When the mass ratio of bentonite to QCMC was 40, pH of wastewater was 5.0 and amount of complex flocculant in the wastewater was from 2500 to 3142 mg L À1 , the removal ratio of COD was more than 80%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan and its capacity to flocculate COD from printing wastewater

Cai

Yang

Zhu

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Schematic representation for the synthesis of grafted copolymers using conventional, microwave-initiated and microwave-assisted method 100 Conventional redox (or conventional free radical) grafting method using chemical free radical initiators (e.g. ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)) 41,88,[94][95][96] with nitrogen as the inert gas is commonly used to synthesise grafted copolymers. However, conventional grafting method has the drawback of undesired homopolymer formation in the concurrent competing reaction.…”

Section: Grafting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the investigation of active constituents that are corresponding with the flocculating ability is limited. There are two methods for the production of plant-derived bio-flocculants which have been reported thus far, which are (i) solvent extraction and precipitation 2,3,33,[36][37][38][39][40][41] and (ii) drying and grinding. 1,28 The detailed procedures for each method are illustrated in Figure 4.…”

Section: Plant-based Bio-flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two methods for the production of plant-derived bioflocculants which have been reported thus far: (i) solvent extraction and precipitation ,,,− and (ii) drying and grinding. , The detailed procedures for each method are illustrated in Figure . The methodologies used to produce the bioflocculants are environmental-friendly, do not use toxic chemical, and are easy and simple.…”

Section: Plant-based Bioflocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Development and Application of Plant-Based Bioflocculants and Grafted Bioflocculants

Lee

Chong

Robinson

et al. 2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Flocculation is extensively employed for clarification through sedimentation. Application of ecofriendly plant-based bio-flocculants in wastewater treatment has attracted significant attention lately with high removal capability in terms of solids, turbidity, colour and dye. However, moderate flocculating property and short shelf life restrict their development. In order to enhance the flocculating ability, natural polysaccharides derived from plants are chemically modified by inclusion of synthetic, non-biodegradable monomers (e.g. acrylamide) onto their backbone to produce grafted bio-flocculants. This review is aimed to provide an overview of the development and flocculating efficiencies of plant-based bio-flocculants and grafted bio-flocculants for the first time. Furthermore, the processing methods, flocculation mechanism and the current challenges are discussed. All the reported studies about plant-derived bio-flocculants are conducted under lab-scale conditions in wastewater treatment. Hence, the possibility to apply natural bio-flocculants in food and beverage, mineral, paper and pulp, oleo-chemical and biodiesel industries is discussed and evaluated.

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“…30 Carboxymethylation of tamarind kernel powder is done to increase its solubility in cold water and the stability of its paste to microorganisms. 31 Modification of various polysaccharides by grafting has led to the idea of grafting this particular polysaccharide with various vinyl monomers 15,[32][33][34] to produce new materials.…”

Section: Reactions Of Xyloglucanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamarind xyloglucan: a polysaccharide with versatile application potential

2009

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A huge amount of new information on xyloglucan (obtained from tamarind kernel) is available in the literature. A lot of research on applications of this polysaccharide has been performed in the last ten years. The research on xyloglucan extracted from tamarind kernel is compiled and presented in a comprehensive way in this article. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the structure and properties of tamarind xyloglucan and to discuss some recent advances and future prospects of this polysaccharide in various application areas like drug-delivery technology, food technology and textile industry, etc. The article is intended to serve as a useful tool for beginners as well as for researchers actively involved in the fascinating area of green polymeric materials. It is likely to benefit large numbers of end users of this polysaccharide also.Polysaccharides are easily available bio-based materials that have a unique combination of functional properties and environmentally friendly features. They have two main functions in nature. The first consists of the structuring of plants, wood and animal skeleton (cellulose and chitin). The second function consists of energy storage (starch and glycogen). Mother Nature produces polysaccharides at a colossal pace: a thousand billion tons a year. The annual synthetic polymer production is a thousand time less than this and mainly uses oil as a raw material which is non-renewable. Polysaccharides are renewable materials, produced from biological compounds, and generally are non-toxic and biodegradable. These features make polysaccharide materials a natural fit for sustainable development.Polysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers and their long chain structures, as in man-made polymers, provide good mechanical properties for applications such as fibers, films, adhesives, melt processable plastics, thickeners, rheology modifiers, hydrogels, drug delivery agents, emulsifiers, etc. With the exception of some linear polysaccharides such as cellulose, polysaccharides are water soluble polymers, capable of forming hydrocolloids in a suitable solvent system. Some of the commercially important polysaccharides are starch, cellulose and its derivatives, xyloglucan, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, guar gum, dextran, carrageenan, and hyaluronic acid. Many polysaccharides, such as carrageenan, agar, methylcellulose, and hydroxymethylcellulose, are used mainly because of their thickening and gelling properties. Many polysaccharides, such as cellulose, pectin, alginic acid and dextran, are used for drug releasing purposes. Several polysaccharides (e.g. mushroom glucans, tragacanth and gum arabic) have been shown to possess physiological activity as immunostimulants or antitumor drugs.Xyloglucans (XGs), also called amyloids, are widespread in nature in plants. Xyloglucan is a highly substituted, food grade, starch-like polysaccharide and is present in the primary cell walls of dicotyledons and non-graminaceous monocotyledons. It also exists in some seeds of trees growing in the tropical

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Tamarindus indica mucilage and its acrylamide-grafted copolymer as flocculants for removal of dyes

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Preparation of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan and its capacity to flocculate COD from printing wastewater

Preparation of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan and its capacity to flocculate COD from printing wastewater

A Review on Development and Application of Plant-Based Bioflocculants and Grafted Bioflocculants

Tamarind xyloglucan: a polysaccharide with versatile application potential

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