Talus slope evolution under the influence of glaciers with the example of slopes near the Hans Glacier, SW Spitsbergen, Norway

New fjords, new coasts, new landscapes: The geomorphology of paraglacial coasts formed after recent glacier retreat in Brepollen (Hornsund, southern Svalbard)

“…During the post-LIA period, paraglacial processes (sensu Ballantyne, 2002) have been erasing the effects of glacial legacy from the relief of mountains, valleys, coasts and fjords (e.g. Lukas et al, 2005;Mercier et al, 2009;Rachlewicz, 2009Rachlewicz, , 2010Szczuciński et al, 2009;Ewertowski and Tomczyk, 2015;Senderak et al, 2017;Strzelecki et al, 2017). The rapid exposure of land from Svalbard glaciers (over 20% of glacierized terrain decrease) activates sediment cascades through which exposed glacigenic sediments are transported and can then be stored in the form of solifluction slope covers, fluvial floodplains, lakes and within the coastal zone in the form of beaches, tidal flats or as marine sediments in the bottoms of fjords (e.g.…”

The role of rapid glacier retreat and landscape transformation in controlling the post‐Little Ice Age evolution of paraglacial coasts in central Spitsbergen (Billefjorden, Svalbard)

“…Indeed, in recent decades, paraglacial processes have become the most effective geomorphic agent in Svalbard, reducing the impact of direct glacial processes to a secondary role in landscape change. Retreating glaciers have exposed vast areas of fresh and unstable glacigenic sediments that are easily released, eroded, transported, and redistributed by processes that include dead‐ice melting (e.g., Rachlewicz, Szczuciński, & Ewertowski, ; Ewertowski & Tomczyk, ), meltwater streams (e.g., Etzelmüller et al, ; Owczarek, Nawrot, Migała, Malik, & Korabiewski, ), jökulhlaups and river floods (e.g., Étienne, Mercier, & Voldoire, ; Rachlewicz, ), slope processes (e.g., Senderak, Kondracka, & Gądek, ; Tomczyk & Ewertowski, ), rock weathering (e.g., Strzelecki, ), wind action (e.g., Rachlewicz, ), and coastal and fjord processes (e.g., Mercier & Laffly, ; Szczuciński & Zajączkowski, ).…”

Processes controlling the development of talus slopes in SW Spitsbergen: The role of deglaciation and periglacial conditions

“…According to Traczyk (1996) material direct to the marginal part of the glacier (Figure 12A), which has been broadly described for the talus slopes located close to the Hans Glacier by Senderak et al (2017). The retreat of the glacier (the beginning of deglaciation) and simultaneous deposition of slope material can cause buried glacial ice (BGI) to become isolated from the main masses of glacial ice ( Figure 12B).…”

“…In the southern and southeastern sections of the valley these forms have been able to develop since the beginning of the Holocene. All the primary talus slopes had been destroyed by glaciers or were partially built-up by talus slopes which developed on the margins of glacier (Senderak et al, 2017). At the time of the last glaciation, the contemporary talus slopes began to continuously develop under the influence of moving masses of glacial ice.…”

“…In the last decade, the talus slopes in Svalbard have been the subject of research on the estimation of rock wall recessions based on ERT measurements (Siewert, Krautblatter, Christiansen, & Eckerstorfer, 2012), the dating of debris flows based on dendrochronological data (Owczarek, Latocha, Wistuba, & Malik, 2013), and the modern activity of morphogenetic processes on the surface of the slopes (De Haas, Kleinhans, Carbonneau, Rubensdotter, & Hauber, 2015;Tomczyk & Ewertowski, 2017;Tomczyk, Ewertowski, Stawska, & Rachlewicz, 2019). The development of talus slopes at an early stage of deglaciation is described in more detail in the example of the interaction of slopes with the Hans Glacier (Senderak et al, 2017). In this work, the use of ERT and GPR methods allowed the creation of a model of early evolution which revised previous work based solely on observations carried out on the surface (e.g., Ballantyne, 2002).…”