Tall oil production from black liquor: Challenges and opportunities

Aro, Thomas; Fatehi, Pedram

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2016.10.027

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It contains mainly fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid, stearic acid, margaric acid, and palmitic acid), rosin acids (e.g., abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, neoabietic acid, palustric acid, pimaric acid, and isopimaric acid), and small amounts of other extractives . The ratios of these components vary and depend on the wood species and age of trees, as well as on the processing involved .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…oleic acid, stearic acid, margaric acid, and palmitic acid), rosin acids (e.g., abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, neoabietic acid, palustric acid, pimaric acid, and isopimaric acid), and small amounts of other extractives. 10 The ratios of these components vary and depend on the wood species and age of trees, as well as on the processing involved. 11 Tall oil is characterized visually from the viscus and dark brown liquid crude tall oil (CTO) to the less brown distilled tall oil (DTO) and to the yellowish tall oil fatty acid (TOFA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of different tall oils for improving the water resistance of cellulosic fibers

Hosseinpourpia

Αδαμόπουλος

Parsland

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study was conducted to assess the effect of the pulping by‐products crude tall oil (CTO), distilled tall oil (DTO), and tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) on dynamic water vapor sorption behavior, interfiber strength, and thermal stability of cellulosic paper‐sheets. The results were compared against those obtained in cellulose papers treated with the conventional petroleum‐derived hydrophobic agent hydrowax and in untreated ones. The tall oil treatments caused strong reduction in equilibrium moisture content of the paper‐sheets during adsorption and desorption runs. The same trend was noticed for the hydrowax‐treated papers, however, it was less pronounced than the CTO‐treated and DTO‐treated samples in the relative humidity range of 75–95%. The sorption hysteresis was considerably decreased after the treatments. The ultimate dry‐tensile strengths of the paper‐sheets were significantly reduced by TOFA and hydrowax treatments, while CTO and DTO showed comparable strength as that of untreated control. The ultimate wet‐strengths of the paper‐sheets were improved after the treatments. The thermal stability of the specimens was improved by the tall oil treatments, and the hydrowax‐treated samples illustrated lower degradation temperature than the untreated control. The results are promising for the use of tall oils as alternative hydrophobic agents of cellulosic fiber‐based products, such as wood panels and paper packaging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47303.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of different tall oils for improving the water resistance of cellulosic fibers

Hosseinpourpia

Αδαμόπουλος

Parsland

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Crude tall oil consists typically of fatty acids and rosin acids. Tall oil also contains 6.5-20 wt% unsaponified (neutral) compounds (Aro and Fatehi 2017). The tall oil fatty acid fraction (TOFA) can be produced by using distillation to remove rosin acids from the crude tall oil (Lindberg 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin nanoparticles modified with tall oil fatty acid for cellulose functionalization

et al. 2019

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In this study, tall oil fatty acid ester of softwood kraft lignin (TOFA-L) was used to prepare TOFA lignin nanoparticles (TLNP) in water. The average diameters for two prepared TLNPs in 0.1 mg/ ml concentration were 140 nm and 160 nm. TLNPs were attached covalently onto modified and unmodified cellulose fibres to form an antimicrobial composite material. The modified cellulose fibres contained reactive allylic double bonds with a degree of substitution of 0.05. The antimicrobial properties of both TLNPs and TLNP coated fibres (TLNP-C) were studied against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using silver nanospheres (average size 10 nm) and Lignoboost lignin particles with 300 and 400 nm sizes as references. Antimicrobial activity of the samples was stronger against Gram-positive S. aureus cells than against Gram-negative target microbes E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

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“…Essentially, most vegetable oils are edible, therefore, using them as a feedstock for fuel production cannot be justified due to possible negative impacts on food production and land use [2,12] . Tall oil, a byproduct from the pulp and paper industry, has been recognized as a suitable feedstock for biodiesel production [13,14] . Tall oil is a nonedible bio-oil source, derived from renewable woody biomass that is typically cultivated on non-arable land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tall oil is a nonedible bio-oil source, derived from renewable woody biomass that is typically cultivated on non-arable land. Also, in countries with a high capacity for Kraft pulping such as Sweden, Finland, United States and China, tall oil can be produced in large quantities on a cost competitive basis compared to other bio-oil sources like vegetable oil [13][14][15][16][17] . Crude tall oil (CTO) typically contains 50-60 wt% fatty acids, 20-35 wt% rosin acids and 7-24 wt% unsaponifiables (neutral) compounds [13,18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%