Tall Buildings and Elevators: A Review of Recent  Technological Advances

Al‐Kodmany, Kheir

doi:10.3390/buildings5031070

Cited by 68 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, STPA is introduced into the safety analysis of escalators in this paper, which can help to understand the connotation of escalator-related accidents systematically and comprehensively. On the other hand, based on the analysis results analyzed by the above safety analysis methods, many useful strategies and methods are used to improve system safety [32][33][34][35][36]. Similarly, the proposed method for safety analysis of escalator emergency braking systems (EEBS) in this paper also hopes to find some useful measures to improve the safety of EEBS.…”

Section: Year Passenger Flow Per Year (Billion) Total Injuries Escalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard Analysis for Escalator Emergency Braking System via System Safety Analysis Method Based on STAMP

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Due to the complex mechanical structure and control process of escalator emergency braking systems (EEBS), traditional hazard analysis based on the event chain model have limitations in exploring component interaction failure in such a complex social-technical system. Therefore, a hazard analysis framework is proposed in this paper for hazard analysis of complex electromechanical systems based on system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP). Firstly, basic principles of STAMP are introduced and comparison with other hazard analysis methods is conducted, then the safety analysis framework is proposed. Secondly, a study case is performed to identify unsafe control actions of EEBS from control structures, and a specific control diagram is organized to recognize potential example casual scenarios. Next, comparison between fault tree analysis and STAMP for escalator's overturned accident shows that hazards related to component damaged can be identified by both, while hazards that focus on components interaction can only be identified by STAMP. Besides, single control way and tandem operation process are found to be the obvious causal factors of accidents. Finally, some improvement measures like decibel detection or vibration monitoring of key components are suggested to help the current broken chain detection to trigger the anti-reversal device for a better safe EEBS.

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Section: Year Passenger Flow Per Year (Billion) Total Injuries Escalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard Analysis for Escalator Emergency Braking System via System Safety Analysis Method Based on STAMP

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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“…The proposed model is based on a real building site and the elevator rope data corresponding to the Hyundai Asan elevator tower, located in Icheon, South Korea, are used to predict the response of the system. An overview provided in [33] shows a case study of the One World Trade Center site, New York, USA. The One World Trade Center building is 541.0 m tall and vertical transportation is provided by a total of 73 elevators of which ten elevators travel directly from the ground floor level to the roof level.…”

Section: /2/3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and simulation of a stationary high-rise elevator system to predict the dynamic interactions between its components

Crespo

Kaczmarczyk

Picton

et al. 2018

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

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Example citation: Sánchez Crespo, R., Kaczmarczyk, S., Picton, P. and Su, H. (2018) Modelling and simulation of a stationary high-rise elevator system to predict the dynamic interactions between its components. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 137, It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. In a high-rise elevator system lateral vibrations of the suspension and compensating ropes, coupled with vertical motions of the car and counterweight are induced by the building structure motions. When the frequency of the building coincides with the fundamental natural frequency of the ropes, large resonance whirling motions of the ropes result. This phenomenon leads to impacts of the ropes on the elevator walls, large displacements of the car and counterweight making the building and elevator system unsafe. This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model of a high-rise elevator system taking into account the combined lateral stiffness of the roller guides and guide rails. The results and analysis presented in the paper demonstrate frequency curve veering phenomena and a wide range of resonances that occur in the system. A case study is presented when the car is parked at a landing level where the fundamental natural frequencies of the car, suspension and compensating rope system coincide with one of the natural frequencies of the high-rise building. The results show a range of nonlinear dynamic interactions between the components of the elevator system that play a significant role in the operation of the entire installation.Crown

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“…In addition to wind noise and vibration, a quick and drastic change in air pressure as the elevator ascends and descends rapidly can result in physiological discomfort in some people-the "ear-popping" effect. Although elevator speeds can technically be as high as 16.8 m or more per second, current descent speed is kept at 10 m/s for riders' comfort, unless the cabin is pressurized (Al-Kodmany, 2015). Elevator breakdown was ranked the second highest concern among high-rise residents in Hong Kong (13%) and Singapore (20%).…”

Section: Firementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In supertall buildings, elevators users may have to change elevators two or three times just to reach or leave their homes or offices. To reduce waiting time, destination dispatch systems can be used to improve passenger ridership flow (Al-Kodmany, 2015).…”

Section: Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Living and Working in Tall Buildings: Satisfaction and Perceived Benefits and Concerns of Occupants

2017

Front. Built Environ.

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In the past few decades, tall buildings of 30 to over 100 storeys are becoming more common in modern cities around the world, especially in Asia and the Middle East, according to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Extensive research has focused on the technical aspects of erecting tall buildings, yet few recent studies have been conducted to examine occupants' experiences and responses. To assess what is already known about living and working in these tall buildings and to provide future directions for research, this article reviews recent empirical studies on occupants' perception of tall buildings, and physiological and psychological experiences in relation to its tallness. Occupants perceive better view, less noise, and better air quality as benefits for living and working on higher floors than on lower floors. However, occupants also expressed concerns about height, difficulty with vertical transportation, strong wind, and escape in case of fire. Note that the methodologies used in many of the self-reported studies are relatively weak. Given the scarcity of research regarding human responses, this mini-review aims to encourage behavioral scientists to collaborate with building science researchers to advance our understanding of human-environmental relations in this new habitat.

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Tall Buildings and Elevators: A Review of Recent Technological Advances

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

Hazard Analysis for Escalator Emergency Braking System via System Safety Analysis Method Based on STAMP

Hazard Analysis for Escalator Emergency Braking System via System Safety Analysis Method Based on STAMP

Modelling and simulation of a stationary high-rise elevator system to predict the dynamic interactions between its components

Living and Working in Tall Buildings: Satisfaction and Perceived Benefits and Concerns of Occupants

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