TALE-induced cell death executors: an origin outside immunity?

Nowack, Moritz K.; Holmes, Danalyn R.; Lahaye, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2021.11.003

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), are a recent hotspot in executor gene discovery that can provide methods to regulate resistance. In Xanthomonas , TALEs can bind to effector binding elements (EBEs) in promoters of host plants and activate expression of host susceptibility ( S ) genes and R genes [ 147 ]. Tomato Bs4 (bacterial spot resistance locus no.…”

Section: Novel Strategies To Activate Defense Responses In Horticultu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens

Chen

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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The horticultural industry helps to enrich and improve the human diet while contributing to growth of the agricultural economy. However, fungal diseases of horticultural crops frequently occur during pre- and post-harvest periods, reducing yields and crop quality and causing huge economic losses and wasted food. Outcomes of fungal diseases depend on both horticultural plant defense responses and fungal pathogenicity. Plant defense responses are highly sophisticated and are generally divided into preformed and induced defense responses. Preformed defense responses include both physical barriers and phytochemicals, which are the first line of protection. Induced defense responses, which include innate immunity (pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity), local defense responses, and systemic defense signaling, are triggered to counterstrike fungal pathogens. Therefore, to develop regulatory strategies for horticultural plant resistance, a comprehensive understanding of defense responses and their underlying mechanisms is critical. Recently, integrated multi-omics analyses, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, high-throughput sequencing, and data mining have greatly contributed to identification and functional determination of novel phytochemicals, regulatory factors, and signaling molecules and their signaling pathways in plant resistance. In this review, research progress on defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens and novel regulatory strategies to regulate induction of plant resistance are summarized, and then, the problems, challenges, and future research directions are examined.

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Section: Novel Strategies To Activate Defense Responses In Horticultu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens

Chen

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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“…Under natural conditions, infection, colonization, and reproduction of Xanthomonas on host plants mainly depend on the activation of host susceptibility ( S ) genes by TALEs secreted by Xanthomonas , while other genes targeted by TALEs tend to be off-target ( Nowack et al, 2021 ). Since PH has no TALE genes, it is unable to promote the expression of S genes, and this would affect its viability in rice leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Designer Transcription Activator-Like Effector-Based Plant Growth Regulator for Higher Yield in Rice

Tang

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Recent studies have shown that reprogramming of gene expression in a genome can induce the production of proteins enabling yield increase. The transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from several species of bacterial Xanthomonas have been extensively studied, and a series of research tools, such as genome editing tool TALENs and gene expression activators, have been developed based on the specific protein–nucleic acid recognition and binding mechanisms of TALEs. In this proof-of-principle study, we designed and constructed a designer TALE (dTALE), designated as dTALE-NOG1, to specifically target the promoter of OsNOG1 gene in rice, and demonstrated that this dTALE can be used as a new type of plant growth regulator for better crop growth and harvest. In doing so, the dTALE-NOG1 was transferred into the non-pathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strain PH to generate a genetically engineered bacteria (GEB) strain called PH-dtNOG1. Functional verification showed that dTALE-NOG1 could significantly induce the expression of OsNOG1. By spraying cell suspension of PH-dtNOG1 on the rice plants during the tillering stage, the transcription level of OsNOG1 was highly enhanced, the grain number of rice plants was increased by more than 11.40%, and the grain yield per plant increased by more than 11.08%, demonstrating that the dTALE-NOG1 was highly effective in enhancing rice yield. This work provided a new strategy for manipulating agronomical traits by reprogramming gene expression in a crop genome.

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“…Therefore, we speculate that IP‐L serves as the crossing point between virus and host, and is the game field of virus infection against host resistance. The plant recognizes the virus through IP‐L to activate the defense response, while the virus hijacks IP‐L to reduce host resistance (Liu et al., 2022; Nowack et al., 2021), which indicates that IP‐L is a protein with dual functions. In the present study, we found that IP‐L could inhibit the expression of NbCML30 at the nucleic acid and protein levels (Figure 5a–j).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco mosaic virus hijacks its coat protein‐interacting protein IP‐L to inhibit NbCML30, a calmodulin‐like protein, to enhance its infection

et al. 2022

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Calcium is an important plant immune signal that is essential for activating host resistance, but how RNA viruses manipulate calcium signals to promote their infections remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP)-interacting protein L (IP-L) associates with calmodulin-like protein 30 (NbCML30) in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and can suppress its expression at the nucleic acid and protein levels. NbCML30, which lacks the EF-hand conserved domain and cannot bind to Ca 2+ , was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus and was downregulated by TMV infection. NbCML30 silencing promoted TMV infection, while its overexpression inhibited TMV infection by activating Ca 2+ -dependent oxidative stress in plants. NbCML30-mediated resistance to TMV mainly depends on IP-L regulation as the facilitation of TMV infection by silencing NbCML30 was canceled by co-silencing NbCML30 and IP-L. Overall, these findings indicate that in the absence of any reported silencing suppressor activity, TMV CP manipulates IP-L to inhibit NbCML30, influencing its Ca 2+ -dependent role in the oxidative stress response. These results lay a theoretical foundation that will enable us to engineer tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) with improved TMV resistance in the future.

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TALE-induced cell death executors: an origin outside immunity?

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens

Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens

Development of Designer Transcription Activator-Like Effector-Based Plant Growth Regulator for Higher Yield in Rice

Tobacco mosaic virus hijacks its coat protein‐interacting protein IP‐L to inhibit NbCML30, a calmodulin‐like protein, to enhance its infection

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