TALE-induced cell death executors: an origin outside immunity?

Nowack, Moritz K.; Holmes, Danalyn R.; Lahaye, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2021.11.003

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Under natural conditions, infection, colonization, and reproduction of Xanthomonas on host plants mainly depend on the activation of host susceptibility ( S ) genes by TALEs secreted by Xanthomonas , while other genes targeted by TALEs tend to be off-target ( Nowack et al, 2021 ). Since PH has no TALE genes, it is unable to promote the expression of S genes, and this would affect its viability in rice leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Designer Transcription Activator-Like Effector-Based Plant Growth Regulator for Higher Yield in Rice

Tang

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Recent studies have shown that reprogramming of gene expression in a genome can induce the production of proteins enabling yield increase. The transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from several species of bacterial Xanthomonas have been extensively studied, and a series of research tools, such as genome editing tool TALENs and gene expression activators, have been developed based on the specific protein–nucleic acid recognition and binding mechanisms of TALEs. In this proof-of-principle study, we designed and constructed a designer TALE (dTALE), designated as dTALE-NOG1, to specifically target the promoter of OsNOG1 gene in rice, and demonstrated that this dTALE can be used as a new type of plant growth regulator for better crop growth and harvest. In doing so, the dTALE-NOG1 was transferred into the non-pathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strain PH to generate a genetically engineered bacteria (GEB) strain called PH-dtNOG1. Functional verification showed that dTALE-NOG1 could significantly induce the expression of OsNOG1. By spraying cell suspension of PH-dtNOG1 on the rice plants during the tillering stage, the transcription level of OsNOG1 was highly enhanced, the grain number of rice plants was increased by more than 11.40%, and the grain yield per plant increased by more than 11.08%, demonstrating that the dTALE-NOG1 was highly effective in enhancing rice yield. This work provided a new strategy for manipulating agronomical traits by reprogramming gene expression in a crop genome.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Designer Transcription Activator-Like Effector-Based Plant Growth Regulator for Higher Yield in Rice

Tang

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Therefore, we speculate that IP‐L serves as the crossing point between virus and host, and is the game field of virus infection against host resistance. The plant recognizes the virus through IP‐L to activate the defense response, while the virus hijacks IP‐L to reduce host resistance (Liu et al., 2022; Nowack et al., 2021), which indicates that IP‐L is a protein with dual functions. In the present study, we found that IP‐L could inhibit the expression of NbCML30 at the nucleic acid and protein levels (Figure 5a–j).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco mosaic virus hijacks its coat protein‐interacting protein IP‐L to inhibit NbCML30, a calmodulin‐like protein, to enhance its infection

et al. 2022

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Calcium is an important plant immune signal that is essential for activating host resistance, but how RNA viruses manipulate calcium signals to promote their infections remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP)-interacting protein L (IP-L) associates with calmodulin-like protein 30 (NbCML30) in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and can suppress its expression at the nucleic acid and protein levels. NbCML30, which lacks the EF-hand conserved domain and cannot bind to Ca 2+ , was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus and was downregulated by TMV infection. NbCML30 silencing promoted TMV infection, while its overexpression inhibited TMV infection by activating Ca 2+ -dependent oxidative stress in plants. NbCML30-mediated resistance to TMV mainly depends on IP-L regulation as the facilitation of TMV infection by silencing NbCML30 was canceled by co-silencing NbCML30 and IP-L. Overall, these findings indicate that in the absence of any reported silencing suppressor activity, TMV CP manipulates IP-L to inhibit NbCML30, influencing its Ca 2+ -dependent role in the oxidative stress response. These results lay a theoretical foundation that will enable us to engineer tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) with improved TMV resistance in the future.

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“…Our working hypothesis is that pepper‐pathogenic Xanthomonas strains function as TALE reservoirs, since pepper, in contrast to tomato germplasm, has no known TALE‐recognizing NLR proteins. Moreover, TALE‐sensing executor R alleles like Bs3 and Bs4C are quite rare across pepper germplasm and, therefore, have had presumably little inhibitory impact on the evolution of TALEs in pepper‐pathogenic xanthomonads (Römer et al ., 2007; Strauß et al ., 2012; Nowack et al ., 2022). Given the sequence similarity between pepper and tomato genomes, it would seem plausible that, typically, such transferred TALE genes would mediate activation of orthologous genes in both host species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tomato resistance gene Bs4 suppresses leaf watersoaking phenotypes induced by AvrHah1, a transcription activator‐like effector from tomato‐pathogenic xanthomonads

et al. 2022

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Summary The Xanthomonas transcription activator‐like effector (TALE) protein AvrBs3 transcriptionally activates the executor‐type resistance (R) gene Bs3 from pepper (Capsicum annuum), thereby triggering a hypersensitive cell death reaction (HR). AvrBs3 also triggers an HR in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) upon recognition by the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) R protein Bs4. Whether the executor‐type R protein Bs3 and the NLR‐type R protein Bs4 use common or distinct signalling components to trigger an HR remains unclear. CRISPR/Cas9‐mutagenesis revealed, that the immune signalling node EDS1 is required for Bs4‑ but not for Bs3‐dependent HR, suggesting that NLR‑ and executor‐type R proteins trigger an HR via distinct signalling pathways. CRISPR/Cas9‐mutagenesis also revealed that tomato Bs4 suppresses the virulence function of both TALEs, the HR‐inducing AvrBs3 protein and of AvrHah1, a TALE that does not trigger an HR in tomato. Analysis of AvrBs3‑ and AvrHah1‐induced host transcripts and disease phenotypes in CRISPR/Cas9‐induced bs4 mutant plants indicates that both TALEs target orthologous transcription factor genes to promote disease in tomato and pepper host plants. Our studies display that tomato mutants lacking the TALE‐sensing Bs4 protein provide a novel platform to either uncover TALE‐induced disease phenotypes or genetically dissect components of executor‐triggered HR.

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TALE-induced cell death executors: an origin outside immunity?

Cited by 16 publications

References 64 publications

Development of Designer Transcription Activator-Like Effector-Based Plant Growth Regulator for Higher Yield in Rice

Development of Designer Transcription Activator-Like Effector-Based Plant Growth Regulator for Higher Yield in Rice

Tobacco mosaic virus hijacks its coat protein‐interacting protein IP‐L to inhibit NbCML30, a calmodulin‐like protein, to enhance its infection

The tomato resistance gene Bs4 suppresses leaf watersoaking phenotypes induced by AvrHah1, a transcription activator‐like effector from tomato‐pathogenic xanthomonads

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