Talc: Occurrence, Characterization, and Consumer Applications

Zazenski, R.; Ashton, William H.; Briggs, D.; Chudkowski, M.; Kelse, John W.; Maceachern, L.; Mccarthy, E.F.; Nordhauser, M.A.; Roddy, M.; Teetsel, N.M.; Wells, A.B.; Gettings, S.D.

doi:10.1006/rtph.1995.1032

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The explanation for the observed differences is probably the higher dose of talc used in the present study. An alternative explanation is that the talc from the two different studies came from different commercial suppliers, and the mean particle size or the degree of mineral substitution could have been different [22]. We have shown previously that a significant pleurodesis does not result if less than 200 mg/kg talc slurry is instilled into the pleural space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Serial Observations after High Dose Talc Slurry in the Rabbit Model for Pleurodesis

Xie

Teixeira

Wang

et al. 1998

Lung

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The mechanisms leading to a pleurodesis after the intrapleural injection of a sclerosing agent are not completely understood. The purpose of the present study was to make serial observations over 28 days on the pleural fluid findings and the gross and microscopic changes in the pleura after talc slurry administered intrapleurally at a high dose. Sixty-six rabbits received 400 mg/kg talc slurry. Ten to 12 rabbits were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days after the intrapleural injection. At sacrifice the pleural fluid was measured and analyzed, and the pleural surfaces were studied grossly and microscopically. The intrapleural injection of 400 mg/kg talc slurry resulted in an acute exudative pleural effusion that persisted for 4 days. There was a progressive increase in the gross and microscopic fibrosis over the 28 days. Talc was present at the time of sacrifice in all animals. At 28 days there was a clinically significant pleurodesis in all rabbits; pleurodesis was not observed before this time. From this study we conclude that the intrapleural injection of 400 mg/kg talc slurry leads to an acute exudative pleural effusion and clinically significant pleurodesis that is present on day 28 but not day 14. It appears that the production of a pleurodesis requires higher doses of talc in rabbits without a chest tube than in humans with a chest tube.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Serial Observations after High Dose Talc Slurry in the Rabbit Model for Pleurodesis

Xie

Teixeira

Wang

et al. 1998

Lung

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“…This historical hand selection method resulted in a higher quality, though lower volume of talc than from ore mined after 1974 when more mechanized methods were introduced (Del Greco and Pelizza, 1984; also see e.g. Zazenski et al, 1995 for a more general discussion of hand selection and beneficiation methods). Thus, prior to 1974, the talc was mined in very narrow stopes which followed 'good' ore layers.…”

Section: Methods Of Purification Used At the Fontane Talc Mine And Millmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clerici, Gecchele, Patrucco & Longo (1988) analyzed Fontaine mine Extra Sup talc and said it was free of asbestos using XRD analysis. Zazenski et al (1995) and Zazenski (1998) said "The quality of the talc found in Val Germanasca is recognized worldwide for its brightness and purity. It is considered to be the finest talc in the world, and has recently obtained ISO 9002, ISO 9002 (1992), BS 7750 (1995), ISO 14001 (1996 (2007)) which emphasized the purity of the talc.…”

Section: Studies Of Milled Talc and Final Product Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of an Authentic Historical Italian Cosmetic Talc Sample – Further Evidence for the Lack of Cancer Risk

Ilgren¹,

Sartorio²,

Hoskins³

2017

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Italian talc from the Pinerolo Mines in North West Italy is known for its extreme purity. Several historical investigations of these mines have demonstrated very small amounts of tremolite in the host rock that occasionally found their way into the mined ore. However, more than sixty years of epidemiological studies of the Pinerolo miners and millers have failed to demonstrate any attendant cancer risk and show that this trace tremolite contamination is of no biological significance.Claims made that the Pinerolo Italian cosmetic talc produced prior to 1975 were contaminated with asbestos, principally tremolite, have been difficult to refute given the lack of authentic historical samples of commercial products. We now describe the analytical findings of a recently discovered authentic historical sample.Sample analyses of this material showed only a few non-asbestiform tremolite fibres -a finding discussed in the light of the historical (pre-1975) studies of this talc deposit: no serpentine (chrysotile) or amphibole fibres were detected.The numerical concentration of tremolite fibres in the talc sample was 3.687 x 10 6 fibres/gram, corresponding to a mass concentration of 0.722 parts per million.

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“…It is probable that talc somehow gains access to the systemic circulation, and its presence there results in the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, which results in an increased permeability-type pulmonary edema. Talc is a very heterogenous material with respect to its mineral content [55] and mean particle size [28]. It is likely that different talc preparations might vary in their capability to induce the acute respiratory distress syndrome.…”

Section: Talcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleural Sclerosis for the Treatment of Pneumothorax and Pleural Effusion

Light

Vargas

1997

Lung

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Pleural sclerosis is indicated to obliterate the pleural space when one wants to prevent the recurrence of a spontaneous pneumothorax or the reaccumulation of a pleural effusion. Although many different agents ranging from antibiotics to antiseptics to antineoplastics to talc have been advocated, none is ideal. It is interesting that in the era when we are mapping the human genome, the agent most commonly used for pleurodesis is talc. Talc is very inhomogeneous, and the mechanisms by which it produces pleurodesis are unknown. In this review we will discuss the theory and mechanism of pleurodesis, the indications and contraindications for it, the advantages and disadvantages of the agents presently used for it, and our recommendations for the procedure.

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Talc: Occurrence, Characterization, and Consumer Applications

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Serial Observations after High Dose Talc Slurry in the Rabbit Model for Pleurodesis

Serial Observations after High Dose Talc Slurry in the Rabbit Model for Pleurodesis

Analysis of an Authentic Historical Italian Cosmetic Talc Sample – Further Evidence for the Lack of Cancer Risk

Pleural Sclerosis for the Treatment of Pneumothorax and Pleural Effusion

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