Takvatn through 20 years: long-term effects of an experimental mass removal of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, from a subarctic lake

Klemetsen, Anders; Amundsen, Per-Arne; Grotnes, P. E.; Knudsen, Rune; Kristoffersen, Roar; Svenning, Martin‐A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1352-8_3

Cited by 43 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Malmquist 1992;Forseth et al 2003;Klemetsen et al 2003), charr may be a strong competitor in large, deep lakes where the pelagic niche is prominent, as in deep Leynavatn. Indirect evidence for this is also provided by large, deep Lake Takvatn, Norway, where an increase in the density of brown trout was attributed to competitive release followed by a decrease in the density of Arctic charr (Klemetsen et al 2002;Amundsen et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Short-and long term niche segregation and individual specialization of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in species poor Faroese lakes

et al. 2011

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Trophic niche divergence is considered to be a major process by which species coexistence is facilitated. When studying niche segregation in lake ecosystems, we tend to view the niche on a onedimensional pelagic-littoral axis. In reality, however, the niche use may be more complex and individual fidelity to a niche may be variable both between and within populations. In order to study this complexity, relative simple systems with few species are needed. In this paper, we study how competitor presence affects the resource use of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in 11 species-poor Faroese lakes by comparing relative abundance, stable isotope ratios and diet in multiple habitats. In the presence of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a higher proportion of the trout population was found in the Environ Biol Fish (2012) 93:305-318

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Short-and long term niche segregation and individual specialization of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in species poor Faroese lakes

et al. 2011

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“…However, the present temperature regime in Lake Skasen may not be favourable for Arctic charr, as surface waters were above 16°C for several weeks in the summer of 2010. Even though Arctic charr commonly utilize both the littoral zone and the upper part of the pelagic zone when living in allopatry, or in sympatry with low densities of other species, (Langeland et al 1991;Langeland & L'Abée-Lund 1996;Klemetsen et al 2002), it has also been shown that high water temperatures may moderate this habitat use. The species seems to avoid habitats with temperatures above 16°C, and prefer to reside in cooler, deeper waters (Langeland & L'Abee-Lund 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A negative correlation has been documented between mean adult size and population density in Arctic charr populations, such as the planktivorous Arctic charr ("murta") in Lake Thingvallavatn, Iceland (Snorrason et al 1992), in Loch Doon in Scotland (Maitland et al 1991), and Lake Takvatn in Norway (Klemetsen et al 2002). Apparently, the population density of Arctic charr in Lake Skasen is very low, but still catch data from one particular spawning site indicate that the mean body weight of spawners have decreased from approximately 218 g in 1992 -1996 to 91 g in 2006-2007, probably demonstrating that the population is squeezed due to interactions with other species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) squeezed in a complex fish community dominated by perch (Perca fluviatilis)

Sandlund

Haugerud²,

Rognerud³

et al. 2013

Fauna Norv.

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Sandlund OT, Haugerud E, Rognerud S and Borgstrøm R. 2013. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) squeezed in a complex fish community dominated by perch (Perca fluviatilis). Fauna norvegica 33: 1-11.In the complex fish community of Lake Skasen, southeastern Norway, the relative population density, habitat use and diet of Arctic charr, perch, roach and burbot was studied by a gill net survey during June-September 2010. A marked segregation in habitat use was observed, with Arctic charr and burbot captured in the profundal and deepest part of the pelagic habitat, and perch and roach captured in the littoral and upper part of the pelagic. Perch dominated the total catches, followed by roach. Arctic charr occurred in low numbers in the catches, and also had a low annual growth rate. Even in June, at low water temperatures, Arctic charr were confined to the profundal. Both Arctic charr, roach and perch fed on the same cladocerans, but all size groups of perch had fish as an important part of the diet. Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes revealed a narrow trophic niche of Arctic charr, positioned at the extreme pelagic end of the carbon gradient relative to the other fish species. These had a wider span of δ 13 C signatures, but more positioned towards the littoral end of the carbon gradient. The low growth rate of Arctic charr, despite a low population density, indicates that food is a limiting resource for charr in this lake, probably due to a confinement to the profundal habitat as a result of competition and predator avoidance. Since all age-classes of Arctic charr seem to be enclosed in the profundal habitat, intraspecific competition and predation may be supplementary stressors resulting in low annual recruitment and low population density, as well as low individual growth rate, i.e. the population is squeezed. The narrow trophic niche of Arctic charr compared to perch, roach and burbot, revealed by stable isostope analysis, supports this conclusion.

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“…In contrast, a negative relationship between productivity and fish size diversity was found at local scale and was explained by competitive interactions for resources in less productive systems, promoting diversification of communities by size (Emmrich et al 2011, Quintana et al 2015. Finally, fish body size can also be influenced by human activities, such as fish species introductions or stockings and intensive removal fisheries, with different implication on fish community size diversity (Klemetsen et al 2002). Species introductions may shift the fish community towards larger sizes because non-native species are larger than their native counterparts (Blanchet et al 2010), whereas intensive fisheries often leads to removal of large-bodied individuals and indirectly causes an increase of their smaller prey due to released predation (Blanchard et al 2005).…”

Section: Accepted Ar Ticlementioning

confidence: 95%

Size diversity and species diversity relationships in fish assemblages of Western Palearctic lakes

et al. 2017

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Body size, coupled with abundance and taxonomy, may help to understand the mechanisms shaping community structure. Since the body size of fish is closely related to their trophic niche, size diversity (based on individual body size) of fish communities may capture intraspecific variations in fish trophic niches that are not detected by species diversity. Thus, the relationship between size diversity and species diversity may help to integrate variation at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. We studied the relationship between species diversity and size diversity as a measure of the degree of overlap in size among species and thereby the potential overlap in niches in a community. We hypothesized that the relationship between size diversity and species would be different across the European continent due to different levels of size overlap in fish communities. The data were derived from samplings of fish communities using standardised benthic gill nets in 363 lakes. At the continental scale, size diversity increased with species diversity; at the ecoregion scale, the slope of the relation changed across the continent, with the greatest mismatch occurring in northern Europe where communities comprised only one or a few species, but each of which exhibited a great range in size. There was an increase in slope towards the south with significant relations for four out of six ecoregions. The steeper size diversity‐species diversity slope at lower latitudes is attributable to a lower overlap in fish size and thus likely to finer niche separation. Our results also suggest that size diversity is not a strong surrogate for species diversity in European lake fish communities. Thus, particularly in fish communities composed of few species, measuring size diversity may help to detect potential functional variation which may be neglected by measuring species diversity alone.

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Takvatn through 20 years: long-term effects of an experimental mass removal of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, from a subarctic lake

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Short-and long term niche segregation and individual specialization of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in species poor Faroese lakes

Short-and long term niche segregation and individual specialization of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in species poor Faroese lakes

Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) squeezed in a complex fish community dominated by perch (Perca fluviatilis)

Size diversity and species diversity relationships in fish assemblages of Western Palearctic lakes

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