Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is an increasingly described form of transient cardiomyopathy in which patients develop a distinct left ventricular apical ballooning typically following a significant emotional or physical stress. The etiology of this syndrome is not clear, but it is likely that direct catecholamine toxicity to the susceptible myocardium plays a role. The syndrome is most common in women and has been described in association with a variety of forms of physiologic or emotional stress. In general, the prognosis is favorable and complete recovery is common. The authors report the case of a young woman with presumed autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome II (APS II) who developed TCM after presenting with adrenal insufficiency. APS II is an endocrine disorder in which Addison's disease can occur with autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, premature ovarian failure, vitamin B12 deficiency, vitiligo, and other manifestations. Hormonal preconditioning and psychological stress may trigger TCM.T akotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a transient form of cardiomyopathy that is more frequently identified in patients following emotional and physical stress or worsening clinical status. The exact mechanism of TCM is still unraveled. It is characterized by apical akinesis and basal ventricular segment hyperkinesis and hence the ballooning pattern identified during systole. We report an uncommon presentation of TCM in a patient with adrenal insufficiency and presumed autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome II (APS II). The psychological stress superimposed on hormonal preconditioning is assumed to be the trigger for TCM in our patient.
Case ReportA 26-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 1 month history of fatigue, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, diarrhea, and a 15-kg weight loss. The patient has a known history of Hashimoto's disease with positive antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. The patient is married, has quit smoking 1 year ago, drinks alcohol occasionally, and had a remote history of methamphetamine use. In the emergency department, she was in mild distress, appeared frail, anxious, and lethargic. On physical examination, the blood pressure was 90/64 mmHg, heart rate 110 beats per minute, respiratory rate 24 breaths per minute, temperature 36.2°C, and saturating 100% on 2-L oxygen. The patient's skin was clearly bronze, had palmar erythema and hyperpigmented mucous membranes. Cardiovascular exam was significant for tachycardia with regular rate and rhythm, and the abdomen was soft, mildly tender to palpation on the right upper quadrant.The laboratory data were significant for potassium 5.0 mmol/L, sodium 136 mmol/L, thyroid stimulating hormone 15.26 µIU/mL, free T4 0.7 ng/dL, troponin 2.9 ng/mL, creatine kinase (CK) 104 IU/L, creatine kinase-MB (CK/MB) 11 ng/mL, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 2,285 pg/mL. Chest X-ray showed mild bilateral pleural effusion. The electrocardiogram showed diffuse ST abnormalities in the anterolateral region suggesting the possib...