Taking the strain: quantifying the contributions of all cell behaviours to changes in epithelial shape

Blanchard, Guy B.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0513

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Different approaches have been recently proposed to take into account the effect of topological transitions on large spatial scales [11,79–81]. A key idea in these approaches is to separate the tissue deformation into an average cell deformation and a shear induced by topological changes in the tissue.…”

Section: Towards a Continuous Approach By Large-scale Coarse Grainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertex models: from cell mechanics to tissue morphogenesis

Alt

Ganguly

Salbreux

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

364

334

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Tissue morphogenesis requires the collective, coordinated motion and deformation of a large number of cells. Vertex model simulations for tissue mechanics have been developed to bridge the scales between force generation at the cellular level and tissue deformation and flows. We review here various formulations of vertex models that have been proposed for describing tissues in two and three dimensions. We discuss a generic formulation using a virtual work differential, and we review applications of vertex models to biological morphogenetic processes. We also highlight recent efforts to obtain continuum theories of tissue mechanics, which are effective, coarse-grained descriptions of vertex models.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware’.

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Section: Towards a Continuous Approach By Large-scale Coarse Grainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertex models: from cell mechanics to tissue morphogenesis

Alt

Ganguly

Salbreux

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

364

334

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“…1I). Methods have been developed previously to calculate strain (deformation) rates for 21 small patches of tissue, and to further decompose these into the additive 22 contributions of the rates of cell shape change and of the continuous process of cell 23 rearrangement (intercalation) (Blanchard, 2017;Blanchard et al, 2009) (Fig. 2A,B).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphogenetic strain rate analysis 5 Detailed spatial patterns of the rates of deformation across the placode and over time 6 quantify the outcome of active stresses, viscoelastic material properties and frictions 7 both from within and outside the placode. We quantified strain (deformation) rates 8 over small spatio-temporal domains composed of a focal cell and one corona of 9 immediate neighbours over a ~5 min interval ((Blanchard et al, 2009) and reviewed 10 in (Blanchard, 2017)). On such 2D domains, strain rates are captured elliptically, as 11 the strain rate in the orientation of greatest absolute strain rate, with a second strain 12 rate perpendicular to this (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Radially-patterned cell behaviours during tube budding from an epithelium

Sánchez-Corrales

Blanchard

Röper

2018

Preprint

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1The budding of tubular organs from flat epithelial sheets is a vital morphogenetic 2 process. Cell behaviours that drive such processes are only starting to be unraveled. 3Using live imaging and novel morphometric methods we show that in addition to 4 apical constriction, radially oriented directional intercalation of placodal cells plays a 5 major contribution to the early stages of invagination of the salivary gland tube in the 6 Drosophila embryo. Extending analyses in 3D, we find that near the pit of 7 invagination, isotropic apical constriction leads to strong cell wedging, and further 8 from the pit cells interleave circumferentially, suggesting apically driven behaviours. 9Supporting this, junctional myosin is enriched in, and neighbour exchanges biased 10 towards the circumferential orientation. In a mutant failing pit specification, neither 11 are biased due to an inactive pit. Thus, tube budding depends on a radially polarised 12 pattern of apical myosin leading to radially oriented 3D cell behaviours, with a close 13 mechanical interplay between invagination and intercalation. 14 15 6 apical-basal depths in the cells, and uncover cell behaviours in a 3D context: near 1 the pit of invagination, where medial myosin II is strong (Booth et al., 2014), cells are 2 isotropically constricting apically leading to cell wedging, and with distance from the 3 pit cells progressively tilt towards the pit. Cells also interleave apically in a 4 circumferential direction, i.e. they contact different neighbours along their length, a 5 process that can be compared to a T1 transition in depth. This strongly suggests 6 apically driven behaviours, and we show that across the placode junctional myosin II 7 is enriched in circumferential junctions leading to polarised initiation of cell 8 intercalation. This is followed by polarised resolution of exchanges towards the pit, 9 thereby contributing to tissue invagination. forkhead mutants, that fail to form an 10 invagination, only show unproductive intercalations that fail to resolve directionally, 11 likely due to the lack of an active pit. Thus, tube budding depends on a radial pattern 12 of 3D cell behaviours, that are themselves patterned by the radially polarised activity 13 of apical myosin II pools. The continued initiation of cell intercalation but lack of 14 polarised resolution in the fkh mutant, where the invagination is lost, suggest that a 15 tissue-intrinsic mechanical interplay also contributes to successful tube budding. 16 17

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“…18,43 In neuroscience and developmental biology, the field of computer science is contributing new image processing and analysis workflows, advancing large-scale brain mapping [44][45][46] and analysis of tissue morphodynamics. [47][48][49] Implementing similar unbiased strategies for IV-MPM studies of cancer will allow us to accelerate the pace of discoveries.…”

Section: (Semi)automated Image Processing and Machine Learning Clasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in intravital multiphoton microscopy of cancer

2019

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Background Cancer is a highly complex disease, which involves the cooperation of tumor cells with multiple types of host cells and the extracellular matrix. Cancer studies that rely solely on static measurements of individual cell types are insufficient to dissect this complexity. In the last two decades, intravital microscopy has established itself as a powerful technique that can significantly improve our understanding of cancer by revealing the dynamic interactions governing cancer initiation, progression, and treatment effects in living animals. This review focuses on intravital multiphoton microscopy (IV‐MPM) applications in mouse models of cancer. Recent findings IV‐MPM studies have already enabled a deeper understanding of the complex events occurring in cancer at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Multiple cell types present in different tissues influence cancer cell behavior via activation of distinct signaling pathways. As a result, the boundaries in the field of IV‐MPM are continuously being pushed to provide an integrated comprehension of cancer. We propose that optics, informatics, and cancer (cell) biology are coevolving as a new field. We have identified four emerging themes in this new field. First, new microscopy systems and image processing algorithms are enabling the simultaneous identification of multiple interactions between the tumor cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment. Second, techniques from molecular biology are being exploited to visualize subcellular structures and protein activities within individual cells of interest and relate those to phenotypic decisions, opening the door for “in vivo cell biology”. Third, combining IV‐MPM with additional imaging modalities or omics studies holds promise for linking the cell phenotype to its genotype, metabolic state, or tissue location. Finally, the clinical use of IV‐MPM for analyzing efficacy of anticancer treatments is steadily growing, suggesting a future role of IV‐MPM for personalized medicine. Conclusion IV‐MPM has revolutionized visualization of tumor‐microenvironment interactions in real time. Moving forward, incorporation of novel optics, automated image processing, and omics technologies in the study of cancer biology, will not only advance our understanding of the underlying complexities but will also leverage the unique aspects of IV‐MPM for clinical use.

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Taking the strain: quantifying the contributions of all cell behaviours to changes in epithelial shape

Cited by 17 publications

References 71 publications

Vertex models: from cell mechanics to tissue morphogenesis

Vertex models: from cell mechanics to tissue morphogenesis

Radially-patterned cell behaviours during tube budding from an epithelium

Frontiers in intravital multiphoton microscopy of cancer

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