Taking a New Look at Life Through a Functional Lens

Stone, R.R.

doi:10.1126/science.269.5222.316

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These tools provide indicative measures for the status and trends of species to be used as sentinels in assessing ecosystem health. Changes in these indicators can occur in populations at stressor levels that have little effect on the functioning of the ecosystem [62] and at a point when the stressor impact may be reversible [63]. In developing molecular techniques as monitoring tools, we have pursued the use of population genetic diversity and structure as indicators for vulnerability to exposure in an aquatic setting.…”

Section: Population Genetic Structure As An Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Molecular Markers to Study the Effects of Environmental Impacts on Genetic Diversity in Brown Bullhead (Ameirus Nebulosus) Populations

Silbiger¹,

Leonard²,

Dimsoski³

et al. 2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Conservation biology needs sound biological information in order to maintain biological diversity in the face of the current rate of loss. An important component of the information needed is the level of genetic diversity within and between populations, especially for those species faced with exposure to environmental stressors. We applied multilocus DNA profile analysis (highly variable number tandem repeats [HVNTR] and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD] techniques) and allozyme analysis to test whether individuals from historically degraded sites display levels of genetic diversity different from individuals taken from reference sites. Four Lake Erie tributaries, two impacted and two reference sites, were the sources of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) samples. Pairwise comparison of the sampled populations demonstrated an association of decreased genetic diversity with exposure of brown bullhead to stressors using both RAPD and HVNTR analysis.

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Section: Population Genetic Structure As An Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Molecular Markers to Study the Effects of Environmental Impacts on Genetic Diversity in Brown Bullhead (Ameirus Nebulosus) Populations

Silbiger¹,

Leonard²,

Dimsoski³

et al. 2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…Therefore, removing the influence of a colonisation source (i.e., crawling and drift) may alter community composition in the short term by restricting the type of colonists (Williams 1977;Sagar 1983). However, restricting some colonising taxa (e.g., Deleatidium) may also be comparable to removing a keystone species from a population (see Paine 1969;Stone 1995) and might temporarily increase the abundance of earlier successional taxa (see Bond 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative importance of surface and subsurface movement on benthic community recovery in the Makaretu River, North Island, New Zealand

Fowler

2002

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Colonisation of macroinvertebrates following changes to the stream environment occurs rapidly through drift, oviposition, lateral movement, and vertical migration. To assess the influence of different sources of colonists on benthic macroinvertebrate community composition, a colonisation experiment using artificial substrate baskets was conducted in the braided Makaretu River in the southern Hawke's Bay (North Island, New Zealand). Both the numbers of taxa and individuals rapidly increased through time in baskets only allowing drifting and surface crawling invertebrates (surface), baskets only allowing invertebrates migrating from the hyporheic zone (hyporheic), and baskets that allowed both (controls). The numbers of taxa and density of individuals indicated that the artificial substrate baskets were similar to the benthos after 14 and 28 days, respectively. However, overall benthic community composition was not similar to the surrounding benthos until Day 42 in all three basket treatments. The colonisation rates identified from artificial baskets in the Makaretu River are consistent with other colonisation experiments undertaken in New Zealand and overseas. Elmidae (Coleoptera) was most abundant within surface treatments until Day 28 after which Deleatidium spp. M01052; published 17 September 2002 Received 23 June 2001; accepted 30 November 2001(Ephemeroptera) became dominant. The abundance of Elmidae and Deleatidium in the control treatments was consistent with colonisation patterns in the surface baskets. Deleatidium dominated baskets allowing access from the hyporheic zone throughout the experiment. It appears that Elmidae colonise quickly in greater numbers by drifting and/or crawling and Deleatidium colonises more slowly from the hyporheic zone, eventually replacing Elmidae as the most common animal. This indicates that the hyporheic zone provides a source of invertebrate colonists later during community recovery, whereas drifting and/or crawling provides colonists early during recovery.

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“…However, models for interaction webs based on energy flow assume that importance may be measured by energy flux and ignore the competitive cross-links that are important in structuring communities (Paine 1980). Such functional links between macroscopic and microscopic organisms (Peters 1983, Stone 1995, Thompson et al 1996 have rarely been included in studies of community regulation on rocky shores (Menge et al 1995).…”

Section: Body Size and Diversity In Successionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of a Northern Rocky Intertidal Community: The Influence of Body Size and Succession

McKindsey¹,

Bourget²

2001

Ecology

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Hypotheses about diversity in succession in rocky intertidal communities in the Saint Lawrence estuary, Canada, were tested to evaluate whether results from the study of large organisms may be extrapolated to the entire community of macroinvertebrates. Varying the lower size limit of the organisms considered in the analyses (organisms Ͼ0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mm) altered the observed trends in taxonomic richness and diversity (the latter calculated in terms of abundance, H , and biomass, H ). Diversity increased through Ј Ј no wt succession when only the largest organisms were considered, but H was maximal in Ј no midsuccession for the Ͼ2 and Ͼ4 mm size groupings and in late succession for the Ͼ1 and Ͼ0.5 mm size groupings, and H was greatest at the second stage of succession for Ј wt all other size groupings. Richness increased through succession for all size groupings.Whole-crevice manipulations (mimic crevices, modified to leave only the dominant structural taxa) were used to examine competing hypotheses about whether variation in richness and diversity through succession was a function of the structural heterogeneity provided by the dominant taxa (structural-heterogeneity hypothesis), or a function of the age of the communities per se (ecological-time hypothesis). The first is supported if the communities in mimic crevices resemble those in control crevices for each successional stage; the second is supported if mimic crevices resemble each other more than they do control crevices at the same successional stage. Within three months, control and mimic communities largely resembled each other in terms of H , H , and richness, and the trends Ј Ј no wt mirrored those observed four months earlier, thus supporting the structural-heterogeneity hypothesis. Nonparametric multivariate analyses that removed the manipulated species from the analyses also supported this conclusion. Results from 12 mo after the initiation of the experiment (following the winter, during which the communities within many of the crevices were greatly altered) further supported the structural-heterogeneity hypothesis.

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Taking a New Look at Life Through a Functional Lens

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Use of Molecular Markers to Study the Effects of Environmental Impacts on Genetic Diversity in Brown Bullhead (Ameirus Nebulosus) Populations

Use of Molecular Markers to Study the Effects of Environmental Impacts on Genetic Diversity in Brown Bullhead (Ameirus Nebulosus) Populations

Relative importance of surface and subsurface movement on benthic community recovery in the Makaretu River, North Island, New Zealand

Diversity of a Northern Rocky Intertidal Community: The Influence of Body Size and Succession

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