Tajikistan Water Resources and Water Management Issues

Mukhabbatov, H. M.; Zhiltsov, Sergey S.; Маркова, Елена А.

doi:10.1007/698_2020_602

“…Although the distribution and age of deformation is known geologically, the relative short observation period used to record seismicity by high‐resolution temporary networks (Kufner et al., 2018; Schurr et al., 2014), the sparse GNSS data (e.g., Ischuk et al., 2013; Metzger et al., 2020), and the paucity of detailed neotectonic observations (Trifonov, 1978) limit the quantification of how far the deformation field of the Pamir is influencing the Tajik depression and how the individual structures in the FTB are contributing to its active shortening. In addition, the geodetically derived rates might be influenced by salt tectonics (Ischuk et al., 2013; Metzger et al., 2020), anthropogenic effects (e.g., Mukhabbatov et al., 2020), disturbances by the recent large earthquakes (Metzger et al., 2020), and the mantle processes below the Hindu Kush and Pamir (Kufner et al., 2021; Sippl et al., 2013). Herein, we used a sampling method with high spatio‐temporal resolution and large areal coverage—Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)—to assess the distribution of active deformation within the Tajik FTB and the surrounding mountain ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tajik Depression and Greater Pamir Neotectonics From InSAR Rate Maps

Metzger¹,

Gągała

²

,

Ratschbacher

³

et al. 2021

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Using E‐W and vertical deformation‐rate maps derived from radar interferometric time‐series, we analyze the deformation field of an entire orogenic segment, that is, the Tajik depression and its adjoining mountain belts, Tian Shan, Pamir, and Hindu Kush. The data‐base consists of 900+ radar scenes acquired over 2.0–4.5 years and global navigation satellite system measurements. The recent, supra‐regional kinematics is visualized in an unprecedented spatio‐temporal resolution. We confirm the westward collapse of the Pamir‐Plateau crust, inverting the Tajik basin into a fold‐thrust belt (FTB) with shortening rates decaying westward from ∼15 to 2 mm/yr. Vertical rates in the Hindu Kush likely record slab‐dynamic effects, that is, the progressive break‐off of the Hindu Kush slab. At least 10 mm/yr of each, uplift and westward motion occur along the western edge of the Pamir Plateau, outlining the crustal‐scale ramp along which the Pamir Plateau overrides the Tajik depression. The latter shows a combination of basin‐scale tectonics, halokinesis, and seasonal/weather‐driven near‐surface effects. Abrupt ∼6 mm/yr horizontal‐rate changes occur across the kinematically linked dextral Ilyak strike‐slip fault, bounding the Tajik FTB to the north, and the Babatag backthrust, the major thrust of the FTB, located far west in the belt. The sharp rate decay across the Ilyak fault indicates a locking depth of ≤1 km. The Hoja Mumin salt fountain is spreading laterally at ≤350 mm/yr. On the first‐order, the modern 20–5 and fossil (since ∼12 Ma) 12–8 mm/yr shortening rates across the FTB correspond.

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“…Although the distribution and age of deformation is known geologically, the relative short observation period used to record seismicity by high-resolution temporary networks (Kufner et al, 2018;Schurr et al, 2014), the sparse GNSS data (e.g., Ischuk et al, 2013;Metzger et al, 2020), and the paucity of detailed neotectonic observations (Trifonov, 1978) limit the quantification of how far the deformation field of the Pamir is influencing the Tajik depression and how the individual structures in the FTB are contributing to its active shortening. In addition, the geodetically derived rates might be influenced by salt tectonics (Ischuk et al, 2013;Metzger et al, 2020), anthropogenic effects (e.g., Mukhabbatov et al, 2020), disturbances by the recent large earthquakes (Metzger et al, 2020), and the mantle processes below the Hindu Kush and Pamir (Kufner et al, 2021;Sippl et al, 2013). Herein, we used a sampling method with high spatio-temporal resolution and large areal coverage-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)-to assess the distribution of active deformation within the Tajik FTB and the surrounding mountain ranges.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tajik Depression and Greater Pamir Neotectonics from InSAR Rate Maps

Metzger

¹

,

Gągała

²

,

Ratschbacher

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At the western end of the India-Asian collision zone, the Tian Shan, Pamir, and Hindu Kush frame the Tajik depression, hosting the Tajik basin (Figure 1a). Deformation rates derived from pointwise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data along the northern and western margins of the Pamir reach ∼20 mm/yr (Metzger et al., 2020;Zubovich et al., 2010), being among the highest measured inside a continent. The accommodating crustal structures-thrusts and strike-slip faults-host abundant seismicity (e.g., Kufner et al., 2018;Schurr et al., 2014), including six magnitude M7 and 18 M6.5 earthquakes during the past 115 years. All of these occurred in the center and along the northeastern and northwestern rims of the Pamir. Geologic, geophysical, and geodetic observations indicate that the Pamir has moved northward, building an orocline with 65-75-km-thick crust beneath the Pamir Plateau (Mechie et al., 2012;Schneider et al., 2019). At the same time, the Pamir-Plateau crust has collapsed and has laterally (westward) extruded, thickening the crust west of the collision zone (Rutte et al., 2017;Stübner et al., 2013). Over the last ∼12 Ma, westward extrusion into the Tajik depression has inverted the Tajik basin, forming the Tajik fold-thrust belt

show abstract

Tajik Depression and Greater Pamir Neotectonics from InSAR Rate Maps

Metzger

¹

,

Gągała

²

,

Ratschbacher

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At the western end of the India-Asian collision zone, the Tian Shan, Pamir, and Hindu Kush frame the Tajik depression, hosting the Tajik basin (Figure 1a). Deformation rates derived from pointwise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data along the northern and western margins of the Pamir reach ∼20 mm/yr (Metzger et al., 2020;Zubovich et al., 2010), being among the highest measured inside a continent. The accommodating crustal structures-thrusts and strike-slip faults-host abundant seismicity (e.g., Kufner et al., 2018;Schurr et al., 2014), including six magnitude M7 and 18 M6.5 earthquakes during the past 115 years. All of these occurred in the center and along the northeastern and northwestern rims of the Pamir. Geologic, geophysical, and geodetic observations indicate that the Pamir has moved northward, building an orocline with 65-75-km-thick crust beneath the Pamir Plateau (Mechie et al., 2012;Schneider et al., 2019). At the same time, the Pamir-Plateau crust has collapsed and has laterally (westward) extruded, thickening the crust west of the collision zone (Rutte et al., 2017;Stübner et al., 2013). Over the last ∼12 Ma, westward extrusion into the Tajik depression has inverted the Tajik basin, forming the Tajik fold-thrust belt

show abstract

Tajikistan Water Resources and Water Management Issues

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Tajik Depression and Greater Pamir Neotectonics From InSAR Rate Maps

Tajik Depression and Greater Pamir Neotectonics From InSAR Rate Maps

Tajik Depression and Greater Pamir Neotectonics from InSAR Rate Maps

Tajik Depression and Greater Pamir Neotectonics from InSAR Rate Maps

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