Tajikistan

Akiner, Shirin; Djalili, Mohammad‐Reza; Grare, Frédéric

doi:10.4324/9780203036655

2013

DOI: 10.4324/9780203036655

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Tajikistan

Shirin Akiner¹,

Mohammad‐Reza Djalili²,

Frédéric Grare³

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Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“… 15. See Roy (2000, 14, 92–100), Rubin (1998, 147–52), and Akiner (2001, 26–27, 65). On the outbreak of war more generally, see Dudoignon (1998), Rubin (1998), Roy (2000), Lynch (2000), Whitlock (2005), and Collins (2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Commitment Problems or Bidding Wars? Rebel Fragmentation as Peace Building

Driscoll

2012

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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After highly fragmented civil wars, order is often secured through the selective co-optation of rebel field commanders and atomized insurgents. This paper presents a formal model of civil war settlement as a coalition formation game between various regime and rebel factions. This approach emphasizes the ability of installed civilian rulers to lure warlords into the state based on promises of future wealth, then use divide-and-rule tactics to pit different warlord factions against one another. Quantitative and qualitative data from Tajikistan, including an original data set of warlord incorporation and regime purges during wartime reconstruction, are used to evaluate the model.

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confidence: 99%

“… 23. For a more thorough discussion of the passive and permissive role of the Russian military in the Tajik civil war, see Akiner (2001), Gretsky (1995), Orr (1998), Rubin (1994, 1998), Zviagelskaya (1998). …”

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Commitment Problems or Bidding Wars? Rebel Fragmentation as Peace Building

Driscoll

2012

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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“… 34 That intervention turned out to be the only successful Russian effort at resolving the post-Soviet conflicts and not merely securing a cease-fire; the 1997 peace agreement consolidated the clan-based authoritarian regime of Emomalii Rahmon. See Akiner (2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

How Afghanistan was broken: The disaster of the Soviet intervention

Baev

2012

International Area Studies Review

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The self-propelling dynamics of violence in Afghanistan, which appears set to outlast the as yet on-going peace-making, is rooted in the impact of the Soviet intervention, in which fighting was only an element of the complex political drama of destruction of the Afghan state. The intervention was launched in response to the escalation of domestic crisis in Afghanistan, about which the Soviet leadership knew much but understood little. The Soviet Army showed the capacity for learning but the improved tactical skills and upgraded operations brought only greater destruction, which was counter-productive in the absence of a coherent strategy and turned out to be politically unsustainable. No retrospective analysis can establish with any certainty whether the war had a ‘military solution’ or not, but it is quite clear that the USSR in its autumnal decade had neither Stalinist determination nor Leninist ingenuity to find one. The Soviet military machine was not over-burdened by the peripheral war and could have absorbed the defeat, but the consequences of the Mujahedin victory for Afghanistan were truly devastating. The USA helped to mobilize the most aggressively radical forces and remained in denial on their anti-modernization agenda, assuming that the ‘black hole’ that would emerge after the Soviet withdrawal was an isolated problem of no global significance.

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Tajikistan

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Commitment Problems or Bidding Wars? Rebel Fragmentation as Peace Building

Commitment Problems or Bidding Wars? Rebel Fragmentation as Peace Building

How Afghanistan was broken: The disaster of the Soviet intervention

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