Tailoring product distribution during upgrading of palmitic acid over bi-functional metal/zeolite catalysts

Influence of Porosity on Product Distribution over Co/H‐ZSM‐22 Catalysts in the Upgrading of Palmitic Acid

“…TheH DO and hydroisomerization of palmitic acid over Co/ HZP-22 could be achieved, and approximately 76.5 %o fiso products was obtainedo ver Co/HZP-22 at 260 8Cf or 4h in the presence of 2MPa H 2 .D ifferentr eaction times in the conversion of palmitic acid were investigatedo ver Co/HZP-22 in the presence of 2MPa H 2 at 260 8C ( Table 3). Similar to the results obtained over Co/HZP-5, [33] the molar ratio of iso-alkanes/n-alkanes increased from 1.54 after 1h to 2.09 after 2h,2 .34 after 3h,a nd 3.25 after 4h under otherwise identical conditions,w hich indicates that al onger reaction time could promote isomerizationa nd that al ong reaction time would be beneficial for the formation of iso products. However, al ong reactiont ime also resulted in more cracking products (3.0 after 1h,3 .3 after 2h,4 .1 after 3h,a nd 4.6…”

“…However, after the impregnation of Co particles, S BET , S micro ,a nd S ext of the bifunctional catalystsd ecreased significantlyt o1 42, 104, and 38 m 2 g À1 for Co/HZ-22 and 216, 118, and 98 m 2 g À1 for Co/HZP-22 because of some blockage of the pores. [13,14,33] V micro and V total also decreased significantly.T he BJH curves of all catalysts are shown in Figure 2c (Co/SiO 2 )a nd d( HZ-22, Co/ HZ-22, HZP-22, and Co/HZP-22). There was no peak at 3.8 nm for HZ-22 and Co/HZ-22.…”

“…(Table 1b yB ET analysis),H ZP-22 (peaksa t% 180 and 360 8C) exhibited al ower acid strengtha nd slightly more acid sites than HZ-22 (peaks at % 205 and 377 8C). [15,33,41] Compared with parent HZ-22 and HZP-22, the impregnation of Co influenced both the amount and the maximumt emperature of NH 3 desorption significantly ( Figure 5c Figure 5e)c atalystss howedaclearly enhanced acid amount and strengthw ithn ew and more weak/strong acid sites formed because of the impregnation of Co particles,w hich indicates the interaction between Co and the zeolitic supports.M oreover, the NH 3 desorption peaks of mesoporous Co/HZP-22 (maxima at % 236, 300, and 417 8C) had lower temperatures than that of Co/HZ-22 (maximaa t % 250, 335, and 494 8C), which may be ascribed to the acid sites on the external or mesopore surface with al ower acid strengtht han those inside the microporous system. [15,33,41] After postsynthesis and the impregnation of Co,t he acid amounta nd strength of HZP-22 and bifunctional metal/zeolite (Co/HZ-22 and Co/HZP-22) catalysts could be improved, which may help to enhance the activityf or palmitic acid and the selectivity to the targetproducts (iso-alkanes).…”

“…In our previous work, [13,33] the effect of the reaction temperature, pressure of H 2 ,a nd time have been investigated, and we found that the conversion of palmitic acid and selectivity to the iso products were the best at 260 8C. Therefore,a ni dentical reaction temperature was selected in this study.C atalytic experiments for the upgrading of palmitic acid were performed by using as tainless-steel autoclave (150 mL) in batch mode.T ypically,p almitic acid (0.5 g), catalyst (0.1 g), and n-decane (50 mL) were loaded into the autoclave.A fter air was removed from the reactor by flushing three times with H 2 ,t he pressure was adjusted to 4MPa H 2 .T he mixture was heated from RT to 260 8Cf or 0.5, 1, 2, or 4hunder constant stirring at 300 rpm.…”

Effect of Pt Promotion on the Ni-Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Tristearin to Fuel-Like Hydrocarbons

“…Efforts to develop superior Ni-based deCO x catalysts have also focused on modifying the active metal phase [32,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Loe et al found that the addition of Cu to an Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst facilitated NiO reduction at lower temperatures [32].…”