Tailoring of Dissimilar Friction Stir Lap Welding of Aluminum and Titanium

Kalinenko, Alexander; Dolzhenko, Pavel; Borisova, Yulia; Malopheyev, Sergey; Mironov, S.; Kaibyshev, Rustam

doi:10.3390/ma15238418

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Per analogy with the previous work [21], the welding tool was manufactured from tool steel and consisted of a concave-shaped shoulder of 12.5 mm in diameter and an M5-threaded probe of 1.9 mm in length. FSW was conducted under the plunge-depth control mode, while the distance between the probe tip and the interlayer material was maintained to be as small as ≈50 μm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Structure Evolution in 6013 Aluminum Alloy during High Heat-Input Friction-Stir Welding

Kalinenko,

Dolzhenko,

Malopheyev

et al. 2023

Materials

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This work was undertaken to evaluate the influence of friction-stir welding (FSW) under a high-heat input condition on microstructural evolution. Given the extreme combination of deformation conditions associated with such an FSW regime (including the highest strain, temperature, and strain rate), it was expected to result in an unusual structural response. For this investigation, a commercial 6013 aluminum alloy was used as a program material, and FSW was conducted at a relatively high spindle rate of 1100 rpm and an extremely low feed rate of 13 mm/min; moreover, a Ti-6Al-4V backing plate was employed to reduce heat loss during welding. It was found that the high-heat-input FSW resulted in the formation of a pronounced fine-grained layer at the upper weld surface. This observation was attributed to the stirring action exerted by the shoulder of the FSW tool. Another important issue was the retardation of continuous recrystallization. This interesting phenomenon was explained in terms of a competition between recrystallization and recovery at high temperatures. Specifically, the activation of recovery should reduce dislocation density and thus retard the development of deformation-induced boundaries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Structure Evolution in 6013 Aluminum Alloy during High Heat-Input Friction-Stir Welding

Kalinenko,

Dolzhenko,

Malopheyev

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…It assumed the lap-welding configuration of a dissimilar joint and was based on the idea of plunging the FSW tool solely into the aluminum part while keeping it as close as possible to the dissimilar interface. It was shown that this technique resulted in an extremely narrow (~0.1 µm) intermetallic layer and avoided both the formation of titanium fragments and tool wear [29]. As a result, the produced joints exhibited excellent mechanical performance [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that this technique resulted in an extremely narrow (~0.1 µm) intermetallic layer and avoided both the formation of titanium fragments and tool wear [29]. As a result, the produced joints exhibited excellent mechanical performance [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among those, the formation of a brittle intermetallic layer at the joint interface [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], the dispersion of the harmful titanium fragments within the aluminum part [5][6][7][8]14,15,18,22,[24][25][26][27], and the extensive abrasion of the FSW tool in the titanium part [28] are of particular concern. To minimize these drawbacks, a new approach has been proposed in previous work [29]. It assumed the lap-welding configuration of a dissimilar joint and was based on the idea of plunging the FSW tool solely into the aluminum part while keeping it as close as possible to the dissimilar interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural Evolution and Material Flow during Friction Stir Welding of 6013 Aluminum Alloy Studied by the Stop-Action Technique

Kalinenko

Dolzhenko

Malopheyev

et al. 2023

Metals

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This work is part of a wide-ranging study aiming to enhance the technology of dissimilar friction-stir welding of aluminum and titanium. In the previous study, a new approach was proposed that provided an exceptionally narrow intermetallic layer. However, an essential disadvantage of this technique was the significant material softening in the aluminum part. Hence, the present work was undertaken in order to obtain insight into microstructural processes and material flow in the aluminum part. To this end, the stop-action technique was applied. It was found that the microstructural evolution included several stages. Specifically, the initial material underwent the discontinuous static recrystallization in the heat-affected zone. With the approach of the rotating tool, the recrystallized grains experienced continuous dynamic recrystallization, which resulted in grain refinement. The subsequent transportation of material around the rotating tool provided no significant alterations in microstructure. This “superplastic-like” character of material flow was attributed to a dynamic balance between grain refinement and grain coarsening. It was also found that the stirred material experienced a secondary deformation induced by the rotating tool shoulder far behind the welding tool. The concomitant microstructural changes were most pronounced at the upper weld surface and gave rise to a fine-grained layer.

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“…Strong interactions between precipitates and dislocations are the common strengthening route for Al alloys. However, the local stress concentration will be induced along with the strengthening [1][2][3]. Under this context, one confused question has come out: what is the balance between continuous strengthening and accumulated damage?…”

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confidence: 99%