Tailoring Nonmetallic Inclusions in 42CrMo4 as a Preparative Tool for Active and Reactive Steel Melt Filtration

Wagner, R.; Schmiedel, Alexander; Dudczig, Steffen; Aneziris, Christos G.; Volkova, Olena; Biermann, Horst; Weidner, Anja

doi:10.1002/adem.202100640

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…Most of the subsurface fatigue cracks in high-cycle fatigue experiments of highcarbon chromium bearing steels initiated from nonmetallic inclusions, and the deteriorating effects of nonmetallic inclusions increased with their size. [12][13][14][15] At present, the main production process of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel was basic oxygen furnace (BOF)/electric arc furnace (EAF)-ladle furnace (LF)-Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH)-continuous casting (CC). [16,17] RH refining is one of the key processes in steelmaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ruhrstahl Heraeus Refining Time on Inclusions and Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of a High‐Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel

Liu

Ren

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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According to the variation in the average composition, the average size, the number density, and the area fraction of large‐size inclusions during Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) refining process, large‐size inclusions in the high‐carbon chromium‐bearing steel reach the lowest level when the vacuum cycle time is 25 min. When the soft blowing time reaches over 25 min, the number density and area fraction of large‐size inclusions increase. The rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life of the forged steel samples is measured using a thrust RCF tester, indicating that the fatigue life of no. 1 steel (vacuum cycle 40 min, soft blowing 20 min) is 12% higher than that of no. 2 steel (vacuum cycle 20 min, soft blowing 40 min). Based on the estimation of the characteristic size of inclusions in the forged steel by the statistics of extreme values (SEV) method, it is concluded that when the characteristic size and the chemical composition of inclusions in steels are similar, the RCF life is increased by 12% when the number density of large‐size inclusions decreases from 0.63 to 0.44 mm−2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ruhrstahl Heraeus Refining Time on Inclusions and Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of a High‐Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel

Liu

Ren

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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Registration of Filtration Efficiency of Active or Reactive Filters in Contact with Steel Melt in a Steel Casting Simulator

Dudczig,

Storti,

Aneziris

2024

Springer Series in Materials Science

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Aspecial metal-casting simulator allowed to investigate the behavior of nozzles and filters in contact with a steel melt under controlled atmosphere. First, the clogging of carbon-bonded alumina nozzles with different active or reactive coatings was evaluated by introducing exogenous inclusions while monitoring the changes in melt flow with time. In addition, the microstructure of the nozzles was investigated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to assess the coating decomposition and phase transformations. In further approaches, endogenous inclusions were generated in situ by pre-oxidizing and deoxidizing the steel melt. Filters with different active and reactive coatings were immersed for different times in order to investigate the evolution of newly formed phases on the filter surface as well as characterize their cleaning performance based on the analysis of the solidified steel. The inclusions in the frozen steel melt were characterized with the aid of an automatic SEM – ASPEX-system, which identified the chemistry as well as the size and population of the inclusions. In the last approach, investigations of a new combined refining process based on the immersion of reactive filters and a subsequent filtration via carbon-free active filters was investigated, in order to remove the remaining clusters of inclusions.

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Influence of Internal Defects on the Fatigue Life of Steel and Aluminum Alloys in the VHCF Range

Weidner,

Schmiedel,

Seleznev

et al. 2024

Springer Series in Materials Science

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This chapter concerns the influence of internal defects (i.e. nonmetallic inclusions, secondary phases and cast defects) on the fatigue lifetime of steel and aluminum alloys in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. The detrimental effect of internal defects depends on multiple factors such as size, morphology, chemical composition, test temperature or position in the material. Specimens were tested after active and/or reactive melt filtration processes of the materials which served to influence the amount and size distribution of internal defects. Fatigue experiments up to 109 cycles were carried out using ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment. In addition, in situ methods, as e.g. full surface view thermography and acoustic emission (AE), were applied to study the processes of crack initiation and propagation, which finally lead to fatigue failure. Furthermore, the cyclically strained samples were subjected to fractographic analysis and the S–N-curves were discussed according to the characteristics of the crack-initiating defects. Based on these investigations, an enhanced knowledge about the correlation of internal defects on the materials’ fatigue strength enables a specific melt filtration strategy adjusted to the materials’ service conditions.

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Tailoring Nonmetallic Inclusions in 42CrMo4 as a Preparative Tool for Active and Reactive Steel Melt Filtration

Abstract: The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100640.

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of Ruhrstahl Heraeus Refining Time on Inclusions and Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of a High‐Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel

Effect of Ruhrstahl Heraeus Refining Time on Inclusions and Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of a High‐Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel

Registration of Filtration Efficiency of Active or Reactive Filters in Contact with Steel Melt in a Steel Casting Simulator

Influence of Internal Defects on the Fatigue Life of Steel and Aluminum Alloys in the VHCF Range

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