Tailoring nanoparticle designs to target cancer based on tumor pathophysiology

Abstract

Nanoparticles can provide significant improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. How nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry can affect their accumulation, retention, and penetration in tumors remains heavily investigated, because such findings provide guiding principles for engineering optimal nanosystems for tumor targeting. Currently, the experimental focus has been on particle design and not the biological system. Here, we varied tumor volume to determine whether cancer pathophysiology can influence tumor accumulation and penetration of different sized nanoparticles. Monte Carlo simulations were also used to model the process of nanoparticle accumulation. We discovered that changes in pathophysiology associated with tumor volume can selectively change tumor uptake of nanoparticles of varying size. We further determine that nanoparticle retention within tumors depends on the frequency of interaction of particles with the perivascular extracellular matrix for smaller nanoparticles, whereas transport of larger nanomaterials is dominated by Brownian motion. These results reveal that nanoparticles can potentially be personalized according to a patient's disease state to achieve optimal diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.cancer | nanoparticles | targeting | nano-bio interactions | tumor

Interactions of Renal‐Clearable Gold Nanoparticles with Tumor Microenvironments: Vasculature and Acidity Effects

“…For example, Chan and co-workers reported that the tumor size can impact the tumor uptake of large AuNPs (15-100 nm). [25] In our studies, we also observed that the targeting efficiency (%IDg −1 ) increased as the tumor size decreased from about 0.5 to 0.05 cm 3 at 1 h p.i. when the NP tumor accumulation was mainly governed by the tumor permeability of the NPs ( Figure S10A,B).…”

Galectin-1-based tumour-targeting for gold nanostructure-mediated photothermal therapy

“…However, most studies show accumulation in the tumour of 1% or less of the injected dose [8]; the majority of injected materials accumulate in the liver and spleen [9,10]. Recent work has further shown that the pathophysiology of the tumour itself affects the uptake of nanoparticles [11]. The biodistribution of injected particles is highly dependent on their size, shape, and surface chemistry [12,13].…”

Synthetic Immunology: Hacking Immune Cells to Expand Their Therapeutic Capabilities

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