Tailoring metal complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands using Electron-Withdrawing Groups: Impact on catalytic activity and property development

Synthesis and comparative study of (NHCF)PdCl2Py and (NHCF)Ni(Cp)Cl complexes: investigation of the electronic properties of NHC ligands and complex characteristics

“…This was observed in our previous studies, where we investigated the steric effect of a o -substituent on M/NHC complexes, and the dependence of σ- and π-bonds stabilization energy on the dihedral angle between the phenyl and imidazolium rings. 40,41,43 Huynh and coworkers have also previously discovered the importance of the dihedral angle in modulating the electronic properties of NHCs, especially with respect to their σ- and π-bonds. When the dihedral angle between the wingtip substituent and the carbene plane changes, it affects the energies of the HOMO and π-HOMO orbitals.…”