Tailoring Efficient Fluorogenic Tactic for Ultrasensitive Detection of Dopamine in Urine and Rat Brain through Real-Time and In Situ Formation of High-Performance Fluorophore

Abstract

Owing to the predominance of dopamine (DA) in controlling mental health, planning an innovative method for DA detection with simplicity and high efficacy is conducive to the assessment of neurological disorders. Herein, an efficient fluorogenic tactic has been elaborated for ultrasensitive detection of DA with remarkably enhanced turn-on response. Utilizing a twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT)-suppressing strategy, a highly emissive azocine derivative 11-hydroxy-2,3,6,7,11,12,13,14-octahydro-1H,5H,10H-11,14a-methanoazocino­[5′,4′:4,5]­furo­[2,3-f]­pyrido­[3,2,1-ij]­quinolin-10-one (J-Aza) is generated via a one-step reaction between DA and 8-hydroxyjulolidine. It is marvelous that J-Aza not only possesses ideal fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) as high as 0.956 but also exhibits bathochromic shifted fluorescence (green emissive) and stronger anti-photobleaching capacity superior to traditional azocine-derived 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-4,11a-methanobenzofuro­[2,3-d]­azocin-5-one (Aza) with moderate ΦF, blue fluorescence, and poor photostability. By confining the TICT process, the detection limit to DA can be reduced to 80 pM, which is competitive in contrast to previously reported fluorescence methods. Encouraged by the instant response (within 90 s), wide linear range (0.1–500 nM), great selectivity, and excellent sensitivity, this fluorogenic method has been used for the real-time measurement of DA contents in practical urine samples with satisfactory results. Furthermore, the cerebral DA level in the reserpine-induced depression rat model has also been evaluated by our designed method, demonstrating its potent analytical applicability in the biosensing field.

Biocompatible Folic-Acid-Strengthened Ag–Ir Quantum Dot Nanozyme for Cell and Plant Root Imaging of Cysteine/Stress and Multichannel Monitoring of Hg2+ and Dopamine

“…For this, the maximum value of Hg 2+ in drinking water is set as 3.0 × 10 –8 M by the World Health Organization (WHO) . Unremitting efforts have been devoted to monitoring Cys, Hg 2+ , and DA, respectively, some of which could efficiently control the intake of Cys/DA or prevent contamination with Hg 2+ to preserve human health. − However, most of the reported methods often need some sophisticated instrumentation, which could not be well applied for onsite analyses in the open air. Also, no reports have been published so far to synchronously monitor Cys, Hg 2+ , and DA using a single sensor.…”