Tailoring an impact resistant engineered cementitious composite (ECC) by incorporation of crumb rubber

Bai

et al. 2021

This paper examines the performance of reinforced concrete girders under cyclic loading. Seven T-girders were casted and tested. All girders were loaded under different constant cyclic loading in the midspan with the load ratio of 0.14∼0.23 and frequency of 3∼4 Hz. The study shows that the longitudinal reinforcement fracture is the main cause of girder rupture. And during cyclic loading, the concrete cracks, strains, and deflections generally indicate a “three-stage” law. The measured data were small but developed quickly in the initial stage. Thereafter, the degradation gradually stabilized and continued for a long time. In the final stage, the cracks, strains, and stiffness degradation developed sharply and the girders failed quickly. The duration of the stage is very short and may be difficult to be caught. For the life estimation, the longitudinal rebar S-N curve is fitted using different collected data. The results show that the curve is in good agreement with the corresponding data, which may be an excellent candidate for the evaluation of fatigue life.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Fatigue Performance of Reinforced Concrete T‐Girders under Cyclic Loading

Bai

et al. 2021

“…e main treatment methods to treat MSW include landfill, composting, and incineration [11][12][13]. Landfill is to build isolation facilities underground or ground to separate the MSW from the surrounding environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Chemical Properties, Pretreatment, and Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash and Bottom Ash for Highway Engineering: A Literature Review

Tian

et al. 2020

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has been widely used due to its benefits in reducing waste and recovering energy. However, MSWI fly ash and bottom ash are increasing rapidly, causing harm to human health and the environment. This paper discussed the production process, physical and chemical properties, leaching properties, pretreatment methods, and applications of fly ash and bottom ash. By summarizing the previous literature, it is found that MSWI fly ash and bottom ash have mechanical properties similar to natural aggregate. Many beneficial attempts have been made in cement concrete aggregates, ceramic raw materials, and highway engineering materials. Due to concerns about the leaching of heavy metals in fly ash, its application in highway engineering is limited. The application of bottom ash in asphalt pavement is rare because of the side effect on the performance of asphalt mixture. Considering the solidification effect of cement on heavy metals and the low cost of fly ash and bottom ash, the application in cement-stabilized macadam base has broad application prospects. This is beneficial to reduce the construction cost and promote the process of waste incineration, especially in developing countries.

“…en, they are equivalent to two interval numbersN 1 � [7,9] and N 2 � [10,13], respectively. According to the multiplication of neutrosophic numbers, one has…”

Section: E Neutrosophic Number and Its Standard Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is well known, the strength of quasibrittle materials like concrete and rock is size dependent due to the heterogeneity [8][9][10][11]. Generally, the geometrically similar samples will not behave similarly for different sizes; this is named as size effect (or scale effect).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Effect on Recycled Concrete Strength and Its Prediction Model Using Standard Neutrosophic Number

Peng

Yang

Qin

2021

In recent years, research on recycled aggregate concrete has become a hot issue in the field of civil engineering. This paper mainly studies the size effects on compressive and tensile strengths of the recycled aggregate concrete. Firstly, four sets of recycled concrete cube specimens with different sizes are produced in the laboratory. Secondly, the experiments on compressive and tensile strengths are carried out to obtain the rules of the strength value with the change of the specimen size. Thirdly, a standard neutrosophic number is proposed and used in modelling the size effect law more reasonably. According to the experimental results, it was found that the compressive and tensile strengths of recycled concrete both have obvious size effects. In general, the strength value decreases gradually with the increase of specimen size. Using the standard neutrosophic number, the proposed new formula on size effect law is more suitable for tackling the indeterminacy in the experimental data. It has been shown that the size effect law based on the standard neutrosophic number is more realistic than the existing size effect law. The results may be useful for the engineering application of the recycled concrete and can be extended to other types of size effect laws in the future.