Tailored Three-Dimensionally Printed Triply Periodic Calcium Phosphate Implants: A Preclinical Study for Craniofacial Bone Repair

Abstract

Finding alternative strategies for the regeneration of craniofacial bone defects (CSD), such as combining a synthetic ephemeral calcium phosphate (CaP) implant and/or active substances and cells, would contribute to solving this reconstructive roadblock. However, CaP's architectural features (i.e., architecture and composition) still need to be tailored, and the use of processed stem cells and synthetic active substances (e.g., recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2) drastically limits the clinical application of such approaches. Focusing on solutions that are directly transposable to the clinical setting, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) 3D-printed disks with a triply periodic minimal structure (TPMS) were implanted in calvarial critical-sized defects (rat model) with or without addition of total bone *

A partially demineralized allogeneic bone graft: in vitro osteogenic potential and preclinical evaluation in two different intramembranous bone healing models

“…Nonetheless, the absence of calvarial bone healing has been observed for similar time points, 7 weeks post implantation, with alternative bone filling materials such as synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate 29 , 30 or xenogeneic bone 31 which are widely clinically used. Those particular bone grafts substitutes are known to be mainly osteoconductives, which is not sufficient to allow a bone regrowth in an atrophic site (i.e., low vasculature and the absence of bone marrow) such as calvaria.…”

An Extrudable Partially Demineralized Allogeneic Bone Paste Exhibits a Similar Bone Healing Capacity as the “Gold Standard” Bone Graft

“…The substantial bone healing in these critical-size defects implanted with BP is of particular interest as bone regeneration in this model is a challenge ( Corre et al, 2015 ; Hivernaud et al, 2019 ; do Lago et al, 2020 ; Paré et al, 2020 ) and widely clinically used bone substitutes need to be mixed with bone marrow aspirate or growth factors to heal such defects. The bone regeneration observed with the BP is a promising result that is reason for further clinical investigation of its regenerative properties in critical and subcritical defects compared to the gold standard of autologous bone grafting.…”

Case Report: Histological and Histomorphometrical Results of a 3-D Printed Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic 7 Years After Insertion in a Human Maxillary Alveolar Ridge

“…Dental implant placement can be challenging when an insufficient bone volume is present at the recipient site (Araújo and Lindhe, 2005). Autogenous bone has been described as the gold standard in bone regeneration techniques but, due to its limitations (limited intraoral sources, tendency to rapid and partial resorption and additional surgery with increased morbidity; Yamamichi et al, 2008;Scarano et al, 2011;Iezzi et al, 2012), allografts and xenografts have been developed and proposed as suitable alternatives: they are theoretically available in limitless amounts and in different dimensions and profiles, and can be customized or combined with growth factors, hormones, drugs, and stem cells (Piattelli et al, 1996a;Pettinicchio et al, 2012;Mangano et al, 2015a;Paré et al, 2020).…”