Tailored redox functionality of small organics for pseudocapacitive electrodes

Burkhardt, Stephen E.; Lowe, Michael A.; Conte, Sean; Zhou, Weidong; Qian, Hongliang; Rodríguez-Calero, Gabriel G.; Gao, Jie; Hennig, Richard G.; Abruña, Héctor D.

doi:10.1039/c2ee21255b

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…One way to increase the latter ( E = 0.5 CV 2 , where C is capacitance and V is voltage) is to use pseudocapacitive materials, such as metal oxides or electrochemically active organic molecules/polymers. In general, electrochemically active organic materials can be derived from renewable sources and are composed of light elements (e.g., carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and/or oxygen/sulfur), which can lead to flexible, lightweight, and relatively low‐cost devices . Despite these aforementioned advantages, they tend to degrade rapidly as a result of their poor conductivity, which results in a shorter lifetime of the device.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocapacitive Electrodes Produced by Oxidant‐Free Polymerization of Pyrrole between the Layers of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)

Boota,

Anasori,

Voigt

et al. 2015

Advanced Materials

881

581

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocapacitive Electrodes Produced by Oxidant‐Free Polymerization of Pyrrole between the Layers of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)

Boota,

Anasori,

Voigt

et al. 2015

Advanced Materials

881

581

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“…Metal ions have been widely studied in commercial RFBs and are the closest technology to be widely used. FAESSs based on organic compounds are new and promising for grid energy storage applications because they do not rely on precious metals, have tunable properties based on their chemical structure, 13,14 and have the potential to be low-cost, durable, environmentally friendly, and scalable. Both of these systems rely on chemical reactions based on heterogeneous charge transfer for charge storage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowable Conducting Particle Networks in Redox-Active Electrolytes for Grid Energy Storage

Hatzell

Boota

Kumbur

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This study reports a new hybrid approach toward achieving high volumetric energy and power densities in an electrochemical flow capacitor for grid energy storage. The electrochemical flow capacitor suffers from high self-discharge and low energy density because charge storage is limited to the available surface area (electric double layer charge storage). Here, we examine two carbon materials as conducting particles in a flow battery electrolyte containing the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox couple. Highly porous activated carbon spheres (CSs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are investigated as conducting particle networks that facilitate both faradaic and electric double layer charge storage. Charge storage contributions (electric double layer and faradaic) are distinguished for flow-electrodes composed of MWCNTs and activated CSs. A MWCNT flow-electrode based in a redox-active electrolyte containing the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox couple demonstrates 18% less self-discharge, 10 X more energy density, and 20 X greater power densities (at 20 mV s −1 ) than one based on a non-redox active electrolyte. Furthermore, a MWCNT redox-active flow electrode demonstrates 80% capacitance retention, and >95% coulombic efficiency over 100 cycles, indicating the feasibility of utilizing conducting networks with redox chemistries for grid energy storage. Grid energy storage is a critical component toward the integration of renewable energy technologies and ensuring reliable distribution of electricity.1,2 Numerous flow-assisted electrochemical systems (FAESs) based on different active materials are being pursued including redox flow batteries (RFB), 3-5 semi-solid flow batteries, 6,7 organic-redox flow batteries, [8][9][10] and the electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC).11,12 A flow-architecture provides for scalable and modular systems, decoupled power and energy densities, and a potentially low-cost means for storing energy at the grid level (Fig. 1a).All FAESs utilize active materials either dissolved in an electrolyte solution or suspended in an electrically conductive flow-electrode for scalable energy storage (Fig. 1). Redox-flow batteries and organicredox flow batteries both utilize soluble redox species as the active materials (Figs. 1c and 1d). In traditional RFBs, soluble metal ions (vanadium, cerium, iron, etc.) are used, while organic RFBs utilize soluble organic compounds (e.g. quinones) as active material. Metal ions have been widely studied in commercial RFBs and are the closest technology to be widely used. FAESSs based on organic compounds are new and promising for grid energy storage applications because they do not rely on precious metals, have tunable properties based on their chemical structure, 13,14 and have the potential to be low-cost, durable, environmentally friendly, and scalable. Both of these systems rely on chemical reactions based on heterogeneous charge transfer for charge storage. Vanadium compounds have been known to have sluggish kinetics when compared to quinone-based molecules, which undergo rapid t...

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“…22 Besides, organic molecule electrodes are capable of high potential energy density 23 because the multi-electron faradaic reactions in a low mass charge storage units can be realized. 21,24 The charge storage capacities of redox-active organic molecules may even outperform those of conventional metal oxides. 22 In fact, these attributes make organic materials are not mere alternatives to more traditional energy storage materials, rather, they have the potential to lead to disruptive technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 In fact, these attributes make organic materials are not mere alternatives to more traditional energy storage materials, rather, they have the potential to lead to disruptive technologies. 12,24 However, poor electrical conductivity of redox-active organic molecular is serious shortcoming for collection or release of the charges involved in faradaic reactions. For this reason, some researchers coupled the organic molecules with fast redox kinetics to high-surface-area conductive substrates to access high energy and power densities for devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissected carbon nanotubes functionalized by 1-hydroxyanthraquinone for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

et al. 2017

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Tailored redox functionality of small organics for pseudocapacitive electrodes

Cited by 59 publications

References 92 publications

Pseudocapacitive Electrodes Produced by Oxidant‐Free Polymerization of Pyrrole between the Layers of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)

Pseudocapacitive Electrodes Produced by Oxidant‐Free Polymerization of Pyrrole between the Layers of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)

Flowable Conducting Particle Networks in Redox-Active Electrolytes for Grid Energy Storage

Dissected carbon nanotubes functionalized by 1-hydroxyanthraquinone for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

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