Tailorable, 3D structured and micro-patternable ionogels for flexible and stretchable electrochemical devices

Zhong, Yong; Nguyen, Giao T.M.; Plesse, Cédric; Vidal, Frédéric; Jager, Edwin

doi:10.1039/c8tc04368j

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…A covalent chemical bonding between the layers could be introduced to achieve permanent layer–layer attachment. [ 18a,29 ] Different strategies on how the counterelectrode will be implemented in the in‐air configuration are currently being studied. Figure 6 shows the abrasion resistance test subjected to the yarn muscles and the corresponding electrical properties before and after abrasion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In future work, we will embed them in ionogels to achieve operation in ambient air actuation. [ 18 ] The developed CNT‐coated hybrid yarn actuators exhibit high mechanical properties that are of great interest for using them as soft actuators, or artificial muscles, in wearables and textile exoskeletons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 17 ] However, the ultimate goal is to achieve operation in ambient air actuation by using ionogel‐based electrolytes. [ 18 ] It is anticipated that our future work will embed the yarn actuators in ionogels to achieve all‐solid‐state actuation. The aqueous electrolyte from current work will be used as the precursor material of ionogel solid electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Muscles from Hybrid Carbon Nanotube‐Polypyrrole‐Coated Twisted and Coiled Yarns

Aziz

Martínez

Foroughi

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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in the significant progress in soft-robotics, flexible prosthetics, and exoskeletons that either boost human performance or assist disabled people in carrying out day-today tasks. One of the significant innovations is introducing soft and lightweight actuating materials (artificial muscles) that can mimic biological muscles and operate smoothly and silently. [1] The current materials of interest for artificial muscles are carbon nanotubes (CNT), [2] graphene, [3] shape memory alloys (SMA), [4] shape memory polymers (SMP), [5] conductive polymers, [6] and highly oriented polymer yarns [7] that can be induced thermally, chemically, photonically, or electrochemically to obtain muscle-like actuation. Artificial muscles made from polymeric or nano-carbon-based yarns can find versatile applications ranging from assistive wearable artificial muscles for biomedical rehabilitation or assistance for daily activities, bioinspired and biomimetic systems, for handling delicate objects, and on-demand movement. [8] CNT yarn actuators are of great interest in the field of electrochemically or electrothermally induced wearable artificial muscle technologies. [2a,9] These actuators exhibit excellent mechanical properties needed for wearable textile exoskeletons. [2c,10] Recently, the feasibility of using multi-walled CNT forest drawn twisted or coiled yarns was demonstrated in terms of both tensile and rotational actuation. As high as 3% tensile actuation and 12.6° mm-1 rotational actuation was reported from an electrothermally activated twist-spun wax-filled CNT yarn when subjected to 25-210 °C temperature variations. [9c] On the other hand, electrochemically induced twist-spun CNT yarns have shown a maximum of 180° mm-1 torsional rotation and 0.7% axial strain in an organic electrolyte (0.2 m tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBA.PF6) in acetonitrile) when pulsed from-2.0 to +2.0 V versus Ag/Ag + reference. [9b] However, due to the reasonably high cost associated with their fabrication, these CNT yarn actuators have limited practicability in smart textiles where low cost is desirable. Therefore, the interest in using inexpensive textile yarns has grown. Several researchers have shown the feasibility of using such yarns to construct simple textile actuators actuated by thermal, [7b] electrothermal, [9a] electronic, [11] electrochemical, [9b,12] or electrical [9c] energy inputs. Similar to CNT yarn muscles, twisted and coiled textile yarns Electrochemically or electrothermally driven twisted/coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn actuators are interesting artificial muscles for wearables as they can sustain high stress. However, due to high fabrication costs, these yarns have limited their application in smart textiles. An alternative approach is to use off-the-shelf yarns and coat them with conductive polymers that deliver high actuation properties. Here, novel hybrid textile yarns are demonstrated that combine CNT and an electroactive polypyrrole coating to provide both high strength and good actuation properties. CNT-coated po...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Artificial Muscles from Hybrid Carbon Nanotube‐Polypyrrole‐Coated Twisted and Coiled Yarns

Aziz

Martínez

Foroughi

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

Self Cite

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“…To enable operation in air, we will construct bimorph structures with an embedded electrolyte layer as a sandwich between two active conductive polymer layers 41,56 . We will use ionogels instead of PDMS for preparing membranes using soft lithography and deposit PPy on both sides to fabricate in-air morphologically computing actuators 57,58 . Such ionogels have high ionic conductivity resulting in fast, in-air actuation and can be micropatterned with morphological geometries using soft lithography.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel fabrication of soft microactuators with morphological computing using soft lithography

2019

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A simple and cost-effective method for the patterning and fabrication of soft polymer microactuators integrated with morphological computation is presented. The microactuators combine conducting polymers to provide the actuation, with spatially designed structures for a morphologically controlled, user-defined actuation. Soft lithography is employed to pattern and fabricate polydimethylsiloxane layers with geometrical pattern, for use as a construction element in the microactuators. These microactuators could obtain multiple bending motions from a single fabrication process depending on the morphological pattern defined in the final step. Instead of fabricating via conventional photolithography route, which involves multiple steps with different chromium photomasks, this new method uses only one single design template to produce geometrically patterned layers, which are then specifically cut to obtain multiple device designs. The desired design of the actuator is decided in the final step of fabrication. The resulting microactuators generate motions such as a spiral, screw, and tube, using a single design template.

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“…These microrobots can potentially be used to grasp and release objects or as microwalkers. To enable in air operation, the microactuators have to be combined with ionogels, 41,42 or other solid-state ion sources into a so called trilayer actuator, 21,27,28 which is ongoing work.…”

Section: D Printing Microrobotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing Microactuators for Soft Microrobots

2021

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Current additive manufacturing, including three-dimensional (3D) and so-called four-dimensional printing, of soft robotic devices is limited to millimeter sizes. In this study, we present additive manufacturing of soft microactuators and microrobots to fabricate even smaller structures in the micrometer domain. Using a custom-built extrusion 3D printer, microactuators are scaled down to a size of 300 • 1000 lm 2 , with minimum thickness of 20 lm. Microactuators combined with printed body and electroactive polymers to drive the actuators are fabricated from computer-aided design model of the device structure. To demonstrate the ease and versatility of 3D printing process, microactuators with varying lengths ranging from 1000 to 5000 lm are fabricated and operated. Likewise, microrobotic devices consisting of a rigid body and individually controlled free-moving arms or legs are 3D printed to explore the microfabrication of soft grippers, manipulators, or microrobots through simple additive manufacturing technique.

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Tailorable, 3D structured and micro-patternable ionogels for flexible and stretchable electrochemical devices

Abstract: A new family of ionogels for electrochemical devices was developed from a mixture of multifunctional thiols, diacrylate and triethylamine in the presence of ionic liquid using Michael addition chemistry.

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Artificial Muscles from Hybrid Carbon Nanotube‐Polypyrrole‐Coated Twisted and Coiled Yarns

Artificial Muscles from Hybrid Carbon Nanotube‐Polypyrrole‐Coated Twisted and Coiled Yarns

Novel fabrication of soft microactuators with morphological computing using soft lithography

3D Printing Microactuators for Soft Microrobots

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