Tailor-made fuels from biomass — potential of biogenic fuels for reducing emissions

Janßen, Andreas; Jakob, Markus; Müther, Martin; Pischinger, Stefan

doi:10.1007/bf03228052

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The vision of TMFB fuel design is the joint model-based description and optimization of liquid fuel production in bio-refineries and energy conversion in internal combustion engines (refer to Figure 1). 1,2 Selective bio-and chemo-catalytic process steps aim for an energy-and carbon-efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into molecularly well-defined fuel compounds. Generally, preservation of nature's synthetic power to the extent possible is envisaged to minimize the number of process steps in the transformation process (refer to Figure 2).…”

Section: Fuel Formulation Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Cluster of Excellence ''Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass'' (TMFB), the focus of the research is set on the development of biogenic renewable fuels from non-food raw materials employing novel catalytic conversion processes. 1,2 The molecular structure and composition of these potential future biofuels are significantly different from the today's biofuels. Some previous studies using today's fuels have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) from different fuels have different microstructures and activation energy of oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel formulation effects on the soot morphology and diesel particulate filter regeneration in a future optimized high-efficiency combustion system

Bhardwaj

Lüers

Heuser

et al. 2017

International Journal of Engine Research

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The focus of research is shifting toward development of new engine fuels for optimized combustion systems. The altered chemical structure of these new fuels may impact their thermal decomposition chemistry during the ignition process and hence the in-cylinder conditions for particulate formation and post oxidation. This work fundamentally focuses on the influence of the fuel properties on particulate matter morphology and, thereby, the regeneration behavior of diesel particulate filters. The experiments for particulate analysis were conducted with a single-cylinder diesel research engine designed for future passenger car applications. A detailed analysis of soot characteristics and its consequences on diesel particulate filter behavior were studied at part-load engine operation at EU 6 engine-out nitrogen oxide level. Next to standard EN590 diesel, a paraffinic fuel was investigated as non-oxygenated biofuel candidate. A blend of the 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and di-n-butylether was studied as tailor-made oxygenated biomass-derived fuel candidate. With all fuels, samples of state-of-the-art diesel particulate filter were loaded at the research engine. In succession, the regeneration of the filters was investigated at a laboratory gas bench. Furthermore, the primary particle size, the total number concentration, and size-based number distribution were investigated in detail by means of a transmission electron microscope, condensation particle counter, and Engine Exhaust Particle Sizerä, respectively. Furthermore, the graphitic character of the soot structure was analyzed by optical measurements such as absorption coefficient. It was found that the soot oxidation temperature was decreased by ;10°C and ;65°C with the paraffinic fuel and the blend of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and di-n-butylether, respectively, compared to conventional diesel fuel. Overall, the results indicate that with specific tailored fuels not only the total particle mass and number could be reduced but, with altering the soot structure and composition, also the energy requirement for diesel particulate filter regeneration can be reduced.

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Section: Fuel Formulation Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel formulation effects on the soot morphology and diesel particulate filter regeneration in a future optimized high-efficiency combustion system

Bhardwaj

Lüers

Heuser

et al. 2017

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

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“…However, due to the low sooting propensity of the experimental fuels, high EGR rates can be employed, keeping NO x emissions within Euro 6 regulation limits. [1][2][3][4]…”

Section: Flame Structure and Fuel Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diesel engine experiments utilizing these fuels confirmed very low soot and NO x emissions. [1][2][3][4] As a drawback, increased emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) and carbon monoxide (CO), especially in the low-load operating range, have been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surrogate fuels for the simulation of diesel engine combustion of novel biofuels

Kerschgens

Cai

Pitsch

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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Recently, several promising biomass-derived fuels for diesel engines have been identified, produced, and tested. Diesel engine experiments confirmed very low soot and low nitrogen oxide emissions. With regard to further improvements of the combustion system, it is desirable to complement the diesel engine experiments with numerical simulations. To date, this is hindered by the lack of suitable chemical reaction mechanisms for these novel fuels. Therefore, a surrogate approach is presented here and applied in computational fluid dynamics simulations. Combustion and pollutant formation is simulated using the representative interactive flamelet model. Ignition, combustion, and pollutant formation are described in a consistent manner by inclusion of detailed reaction chemistry. Different mixtures of n-heptane, toluene, ethanol, dimethylether, ethane, and phenol are employed to describe the combustion chemistry of the biofuels. The compositions of the surrogate fuels are compiled according to hydrogen/carbon ratio, oxygen content, cetane rating, and molecular properties of the experimental fuels. Spray, injection, and evaporation properties of the experimental fuels, as obtained from spray vessel experiments, are included in the computational fluid dynamics simulations. By systematic comparison of experimental and numerical results, the surrogate methodology is validated and an improved understanding of the limitations of the current surrogates is achieved. Thus, a methodology for the fast adoption of novel fuels for simulations is proposed that can be used regardless of the availability of specific chemical reaction mechanisms.

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“…Due to the wide variety of sources and production routes, bio-fuels are inherently diverse, with chemical functionalities potentially distinct from their fossil-derived counterparts [3] , resulting in an explosion in the number of potential fuels and fuel blends available. This, in turn, provides new opportunities to optimize fuel blends for higher-efficiency, lower-emissions engines [4,5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel atom tracking algorithm for the analysis of complex chemical kinetic networks

Laurent

Frewin

Pepiot

2016

Combustion and Flame

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Tailor-made fuels from biomass — potential of biogenic fuels for reducing emissions

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Fuel formulation effects on the soot morphology and diesel particulate filter regeneration in a future optimized high-efficiency combustion system

Fuel formulation effects on the soot morphology and diesel particulate filter regeneration in a future optimized high-efficiency combustion system

Surrogate fuels for the simulation of diesel engine combustion of novel biofuels

A novel atom tracking algorithm for the analysis of complex chemical kinetic networks

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