Tai Timu, Tai Pari, the ebb and flow of the tides: working with the Waimatā from the Mountains to the Sea

Salmond, Anne; Brierley, Gary; Hikuroa, Daniel; Lythberg, Billie

doi:10.1080/00288330.2022.2096084

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While flat lands adjacent to the river mouth provided significant resources for gardening and provision of mahinga kai for M aori, steep topography and dense vegetation cover limited opportunities for crop cultivation and permanent settlement across much of the midupper catchment (Salmond et al, 2022). However, the river provided an important transport route, and Rongowhakaata (local iwi) histories report that the river provided an escape route upstream to Motukeo (sacred mountain for Rongowhakaata) at times of conflict (Salmond et al, 2019).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The river mouth was the landing place of Captain Cook in 1769, marking the first meeting place of M aori and P akeh a. Upon European settlement, accessibility, fertile soil and a good water supply prompted the sale of land blocks in the lower catchment (Salmond et al, 2022). Today, the middleupper catchment comprises pine plantation forests and intensive sheep and beef farming country, with smaller blocks in the lower-middle reaches transitioning downstream to urban settlement and the port in Gisborne.…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

River restoration as a sociocultural process: A case study from the Waimatā Catchment, Aotearoa New Zealand

Cairns,

Boswijk,

Brierley

2024

N Z Geog

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Surveys of sociocultural relations to rivers provide critical baseline information to appraise the effectiveness of restoration programmes. Findings from a mixed‐methods case study (document analysis, catchment‐wide questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews) show how local relations to the Waimatā River vary in upper, middle and lower catchment areas, in part influenced by historical (family) connections. Personal interactions with the river, and implications for mental and physical well‐being, decline with the perceived condition of the river. While respondents indicate the negative influence of governance arrangements upon river condition, they also highlight positive prospects that blue spaces can shape the co‐design and implementation of restoration activities.

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Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

River restoration as a sociocultural process: A case study from the Waimatā Catchment, Aotearoa New Zealand

Cairns,

Boswijk,

Brierley

2024

N Z Geog

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“…Envisioned this way, ontological pluralism offers an alternative to the violence enacted through colonial values and ideologies, presenting opportunities for Māori understandings of rivers ‘to guide the constructive renegotiation of river restoration efforts, recognizing the independent life and power of rivers and the interdependence … of people and the more‐than‐human’ (Hikuroa et al, 2021, p. 80). To explore ways of working with rivers rather than on them (Salmond et al, 2022), geographers in Aotearoa have increasingly drawn on Māori relational ontologies and more‐than‐human theory (Sharp et al, 2022). Emphasising the impromptu groupings or ‘assemblages’ of ‘diverse elements, of vibrant materials of all sorts’ (Bennett, 2010, p. 24) which constantly make and remake relationships, material things, environments, identity, people and so on, more‐than‐human approaches highlight the work of both humans and non‐humans in creating and sustaining the relationships required to make things happen.…”

Section: Relational Approaches To River Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration as reconnection: A relational approach to urban stream repair

2023

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Urban stream environments have been significantly altered through processes of colonisation and urbanisation. In Te Whanganui‐a‐Tara Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand, there is growing interest in peeling back layers of the city to reconnect with waterways. More‐than‐human geographies can play a critical role in contributing to these efforts, guiding understandings of what it means to restore and live alongside urban streams. In our case study of the Waimapihi Stream, we explore one community's ideas and practices of restoration and how they envision a thriving place through the notion of stream daylighting. The Waimapihi shows us that restoration activities are both product and process of co‐creating an ontologically plural space for the renegotiation of what stream restoration means.

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“…Māori arrived in the 14th century on two waka (traditional Māori canoes), Horouta and Takitimu (Spedding, 2006). Low-lying fertile flatlands adjacent to river mouths, notably in the vicinity of the Waimatā, have a long and continuous history of Māori settlement and land use (Coombes, 2000;Salmond et al, 2022). Colonisation brought about profound changes to forest cover and land use, as native forest was cleared extensively for pastoral agriculture (Ewers et al, 2006).…”

Section: Process Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Managing at source and at scale: The use of geomorphic river stories to support rehabilitation of Anthropocene riverscapes in the East Coast Region of Aotearoa New Zealand

Fuller

Brierley

Tunnicliffe

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Recently uplifted, highly erodible rocks, and recurrent high intensity storms, generate exceedingly high erosion and sedimentation rates in the East Coast Region (Tairāwhiti) of Aotearoa New Zealand. Despite the recent nature of the Anthropocene record in global terms (∼650 years since Māori arrival, 250 years of colonial impacts), human disturbance has profoundly altered evolutionary trajectories of river systems across the region. Here we document catchment-by-catchment variability in anthropogenic signature as geomorphic river stories for five catchments (Waiapu, Hikuwai, Waimatā, Waipaoa, Mōtū). We show how targeted, fit-for-purpose process-based rehabilitation programmes that manage at source and at scale are required to facilitate river recovery in each of these catchments. The largest rivers in the region, Waiapu and Waipaoa, comprise steep, highly dissected terrains that are subject to recurrent hillslope failures, including systemic shallow landslides, occasional deep-seated rotational slumps and earthflows. Localised sediment input from large (>10 ha) gully mass movement complexes overwhelms valley floors. Targeted revegetation programmes are required to reduce extreme sediment inputs from these sources. Although there are fewer gully complexes in the Hikuwai, multiple landslips supply vast volumes of fine-grained sediment that aggrade and are recurrently reworked along channel margins in lowland reaches. Waimatā has no gully complexes and a smaller number of landslips, but large areas are subject to sediment input from earthflows. The terrace-constrained flume-like nature of this system efficiently flushes materials ‘from the mountains to the sea’, recurrently reworking materials along channel banks in a similar manner to the lower Hikuwai. Systematic reforestation in the middle-upper catchment and revegetation of riparian corridors is required to reduce sedimentation rates in these catchments. In contrast, terraces buffer sediment delivery from hillslopes in the upper Mōtū catchment, where a bedrock gorge separates large sediment stores along upper reaches from the lower catchment. As reworking of valley floor sediments in response to bed incision and reworking (expansion) of channel margins is the primary contemporary sediment source in this system, bed control structures and revegetation of riparian corridors are required as part of targeted sediment management plans. We contend that geomorphic river stories provide a coherent platform for Anthropocene rehabilitation strategies that work with the character, behaviour and evolutionary trajectories of river systems. Although this generic lens can be applied anywhere in the world, we highlight particular meanings and implications in Aotearoa New Zealand where such thinking aligns directly with Māori values that respect the mana (authority), mauri (lifeforce) and ora (wellbeing) of each and every river.

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Tai Timu, Tai Pari, the ebb and flow of the tides: working with the Waimatā from the Mountains to the Sea

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

River restoration as a sociocultural process: A case study from the Waimatā Catchment, Aotearoa New Zealand

River restoration as a sociocultural process: A case study from the Waimatā Catchment, Aotearoa New Zealand

Restoration as reconnection: A relational approach to urban stream repair

Managing at source and at scale: The use of geomorphic river stories to support rehabilitation of Anthropocene riverscapes in the East Coast Region of Aotearoa New Zealand

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