Tagging studies on the Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Western North Atlantic

Casey, J. Patrick; Kohler, NE

doi:10.1071/mf9920045

Cited by 91 publications

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“…Lamnid and tuna comparisons Tunas and lamnids have similar specializations for continuous, sustained swimming (Bernal et al, 2001a), and species in both groups frequently make vertical excursions through the water column or undertake extensive seasonal migrations (Carey et al, 1978(Carey et al, , 1981Paust and Smith, 1989;Casey and Kohler, 1992;Holts and Bedford, 1993;Anderson and Goldman, 2001;Gunn and Block, 2001;Klimley et al, 2002). Underlying the tuna-lamnid convergence in adaptations for high-performance swimming are similar RM positions within the body (Graham et al, 1983;Carey et al, 1985;Bernal et al, 2001aBernal et al, , 2003 and the capacity to augment RM and other systemic functions through regional endothermy (Block and Finnerty, 1994;Brill, 1996;Bernal et al, 2001a;Graham and Dickson, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies of high performance swimming in sharks II. Metabolic biochemistry of locomotor and myocardial muscle in endothermic and ectothermic sharks

Bernal

Smith

López

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYMetabolic enzyme activities in red (RM) and white (WM) myotomal muscle and in the heart ventricle (HV) were compared in two lamnid sharks (shortfin mako and salmon shark), the common thresher shark and several other actively swimming shark species. The metabolic enzymes measured were citrate synthase(CS), an index of aerobic capacity, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an index of anaerobic capacity. WM creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity, an index of rapid ATP production during burst swimming, was also quantified. Enzyme activities in RM, WM and HV were similar in the two lamnid species. Interspecific comparisons of enzyme activities at a common reference temperature (20°C) show no significant differences in RM CS activity but higher CS activity in the WM and HV of the lamnid sharks compared with the other species. For the other enzymes, activities in lamnids overlapped with those of other shark species. Comparison of the HV spongy and compact myocardial layers in mako, salmon and thresher sharks reveals a significantly greater spongy CS activity in all three species but no differences in LDH activity. Adjustment of enzyme activities to in vivo RM and WM temperatures in the endothermic lamnids elevates CS and LDH in both tissues relative to the ectothermic sharks. Thus, through its enhancement of both RM and WM enzyme activity, endothermy may be an important determinant of energy supply for sustained and burst swimming in the lamnids. Although lamnid WM is differentially warmed as a result of RM endothermy, regional differences in WM CS and LDH activities and thermal sensitivities (Q10 values) were not found. The general pattern of the endothermic myotomal and ectothermic HV muscle metabolic enzyme activities in the endothermic lamnids relative to other active, ectothermic sharks parallels the general pattern demonstrated for the endothermic tunas relative to their ectothermic sister species. However, the activities of all enzymes measured are lower in lamnids than in tunas. Relative to lamnids, the presence of lower WM enzyme activities in the thresher shark (which is in the same order as the lamnids, has an RM morphology similar to that of the mako and salmon sharks and may be endothermic) suggests that other factors, such as behavior and swimming pattern, also affect shark myotomal organization and metabolic function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies of high performance swimming in sharks II. Metabolic biochemistry of locomotor and myocardial muscle in endothermic and ectothermic sharks

Bernal

Smith

López

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The migratory cycles of sharks that live primarily in neritic and coastal habitats often involve predictable and repeated movements between a series of geospatially fixed locations ('site-fidelity') (Hueter et al 2005, Speed et al 2010, Bond et al 2012, Feldheim et al 2014, Chapman et al 2015. In contrast, oceanic pelagic sharks often orient to mobile environmental features such as oceanographic fronts, although sitefidelity to fixed locations does occur in oceanic pelagic species that complete part of their life-cycle over the continental shelf, along the coast, or at offshore bathymetric features such as seamounts (Casey & Kohler 1992, Bigelow et al 1999, Litvinov 2008, Block et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet shift and site-fidelity of oceanic whitetip sharks Carcharhinus longimanus along the Great Bahama Bank

Madigan

Brooks²,

Bond³

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Identifying the driving forces behind oceanic pelagic shark movements is key to a better understanding of their life history. Some oceanic pelagic shark species have been shown to aggregate in specific regions to mate and/or exploit abundant food resources. The oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus, a subtropical, ectothermic, oceanic pelagic shark that has experienced severe population declines, aggregates seasonally around Cat Island (CI) in The Bahamas. Large pelagic teleosts (e.g. billfish, tunas, and dolphinfish) are abundant in this region and oceanic whitetips are anecdotally reported to feed heavily on recreationally caught teleosts. However, it was unknown whether feeding habits at CI substantially differ from longer-term feeding habits. We used tag-recapture to assess site-fidelity of adult oceanic whitetips to CI and stable isotope analysis (SIA) of 2 different tissues (blood plasma and white muscle) to compare short-and long-term feeding patterns. The relatively high recapture rate (20.3%) confirmed that individual whitetips exhibit site-fidelity to CI. The aggregation consisted of adult individuals; females were more common, more than half were gravid, and no physical or behavioral evidence of mating or parturition was observed at CI. SIA-based Bayesian mixing model estimates of short-term (near CI) diets showed more large pelagic teleosts (72%) than in long-term diets (47%), showing a spatiotemporal difference in oceanic whitetip feeding habits. This suggests that availability of large teleost prey is a possible mechanism underpinning site-fidelity and aggregation of whitetips at CI. These results provide insight into the function of one of the last known aggregations of this once-abundant top predator.

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“…In the North West (NW) Atlantic, juveniles migrate 55 seasonally between offshore wintering grounds and summer feeding grounds over the 56 shelf (Casey and Kohler 1992). Mean lengths of makos caught by longliners in the 57…”

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confidence: 99%

Population structure and biology of shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the south-west Indian Ocean

Groeneveld

Cliff

Dudley³

et al. 2014

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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14The population structure, reproductive biology, age and growth, and diet of shortfin 15 makos caught by pelagic longliners (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) and bather protection nets (1978-16 2010) in the Southwest Indian Ocean were investigated. The mean fork length (FL) of 17 makos measured by observers on longliners targeting tuna, swordfish and sharks was 18 similar, and decreased from east to west, with the smallest individuals occurring near 19 the Agulhas Bank edge, in June to November. Nearly all makos caught by longliners 20 were immature, with equal sex ratio. Makos caught by bather protection nets were 21 significantly larger, males were more frequent, and 93% of males and 55% of females 22 were mature. Age was assessed from band counts of sectioned vertebrae, and a von 23Bertalanffy growth model fitted to sex-pooled length-at-age data predicted a birth size 24 (L 0 ) of 90 cm, maximum FL (L ∞ ) of 285 cm and growth coefficient (k) of 0.113 y -1 . 25Males matured at 190 cm FL, aged 7 y, and females at 250 cm, aged 15 y. Litter sizes 26 ranged from nine to 14 pups, and the presence of gravid females in bather protection 27 nets suggested that some pupping occurred in shelf waters. Teleosts (mainly 28Trachurus capensis) occurred in 84% of stomachs collected on longliners, whereas 29 elasmobranchs (63.5%) were most common in samples collected from bather 30 protection nets, followed by teleosts (43.1%) and cephalopods (36.5%). Larger prey 31 size may be a factor that attracts large makos to coastal waters. 32 33

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Tagging studies on the Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Western North Atlantic

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative studies of high performance swimming in sharks II. Metabolic biochemistry of locomotor and myocardial muscle in endothermic and ectothermic sharks

Comparative studies of high performance swimming in sharks II. Metabolic biochemistry of locomotor and myocardial muscle in endothermic and ectothermic sharks

Diet shift and site-fidelity of oceanic whitetip sharks Carcharhinus longimanus along the Great Bahama Bank

Population structure and biology of shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the south-west Indian Ocean

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