Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis: From parasite biology and immunology to diagnosis and control

Dixon, Mellisa; Winskill, Peter; Harrison, Wendy; Basáñez, María‐Gloria

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2021.03.003

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 292 publications

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“…8 Humans can be the intermediate or final host of T. solium and thus can develop intestinal taeniasis or cysticercosis. 8,9 Conversely, humans cannot be the intermediate host of T. saginata because the human body has natural immunity to the larvae of T. saginata, so human cysticercosis does not occur. 10 Cysticercosis is caused by the ingestion of T. solium eggs shed in the stool of a human tapeworm carrier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Disseminated Cysticercosis due to Intentional Ingestion of Parasitic Worm Eggs for Weight Loss

Zhang

Wang

Xing

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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A 20-year-old female resident of Beijing intended to consume the eggs of the parasitic worm, Taenia saginata, for weight loss; however, she apparently inadvertently ingested Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) eggs, which resulted in disseminated cysticercosis. Cysticerci developed in the brain, tongue, muscles, liver, peritoneum, and subcutaneous tissues. She was administered oral albendazole and praziquantel. After four 10-day courses of treatment, most of the cysts disappeared and she recovered. After 3 years, the patient remains in good health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Disseminated Cysticercosis due to Intentional Ingestion of Parasitic Worm Eggs for Weight Loss

Zhang

Wang

Xing

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…NCC and CE are two neglected diseases with wide geographical distribution that overlap in many Asian, South American, and African regions [34,35]. They are conditions with high [36] The WHO 2030 roadmap for NCC identified as a goal the implementation of control measures in hyperendemic areas of 17 endemic countries, however, one of the main difficulties to overcome is that the extent of those hyperendemic areas has not yet been delineated, partly because many limitations exist with current (serological and other) diagnostic methods [21]. Control programs implementation, monitoring and evaluation depend on the availability of sensitive, specific, and reproducible techniques capable of evaluating a large number of samples at affordable costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-bead assay for the differential serodiagnosis of neglected human cestodiases: Neurocysticercosis and cystic echinococcosis

et al. 2022

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Background Neurocysticercosis (NCC), and cystic echinococcosis (CE) are two neglected diseases caused by cestodes, co-endemic in many areas of the world. Imaging studies and serological tests are used in the diagnosis of both parasitic diseases, but cross-reactions may confound the results of the latter. The novel multiplex bead-based assay with recombinant antigens has been reported to increases the diagnostic accuracy of serological techniques. Methodology We set-up an immunoassay based on the multiplex bead-based platform (MBA), using the rT24H (against Cysticercus cellulosae, causing cysticercosis) and r2B2t (against Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, causing CE) recombinant antigens, for simultaneous and differential diagnosis of these infections. The antigens were tested on 356 sera from 151 patients with CE, 126 patients with NCC, and 79 individuals negative for both diseases. Specificity was calculated including sera from healthy donors, other neurological diseases and the respective NCC or CE sera counterpart. The diagnostic accuracy of this assay was compared with two commercial ELISA tests, Novalisa and Ridascreen, widely used in the routine diagnosis of cysticercosis and CE, respectively. Main findings For the diagnosis of NCC, sensitivity ranged from 57.94–63.49% for the rT24H-MBA, and 40.48–46.03% for Novalisa ELISA depending on exclusion or inclusion of sera having equivocal results on ELISA from the analysis; specificities ranged from 90.87–91.30% and 70.43–76.96%, respectively. AUC values of the ROC curve were 0.783 (rT24H) and 0.619 (Novalisa) (p-value < 0.001). For the diagnosis of CE, the sensitivity of the r2B2t-MBA ranged from 68.87–69.77% and of Ridascreen ELISA from 50.00–57.62%; specificities from 92.47–92.68% and from 74.15–80.98%, respectively. AUC values were 0.717 and 0.760, respectively. Conclusions/Significance Overall, the recombinant antigens tested with the bead-based technology showed better diagnostic accuracy than the commercial assays, particularly for the diagnosis of NCC. The possibility of testing the same serum sample simultaneously for the presence of antibodies against both antigens is an added value particularly in seroprevalence studies for cysticercosis linked to control programs in endemic areas where these two parasites coexist.

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“…Traditional efforts for disease prevention included improved sanitation and pig farming practices, health education, and inspection of pork. However, these measures were largely unsuccessful in highly endemic villages [4] Mass chemotherapy for human taeniasis has been implemented in Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Tanzania, and Madagascar with praziquantel or niclosamide, although there was significant heterogeneity among studies [53 ▪▪ ,54–56]. For example, a recent study in Madagascar studied praziquantel for mass chemotherapy of taeniasis.…”

Section: Control and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis: an update on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Pineda-Reyes

White

2022

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an important cause of neurological disease worldwide, including imported cases in nonendemic countries.Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to update information on diagnosis, management, and prevention of neurocysticercosisRecent findingsWHO and Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene guidelines emphasize the importance of corticosteroids and antiparasitic drugs for viable parenchymal disease and single enhancing lesions. Subarachnoid NCC is associated with a high fatality rate unless optimally treated. Advances in subarachnoid NCC include use of prolonged antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory courses and the increasing use of antigen-detection and quantitative PCR assays in diagnosis and follow-up. Emerging data support the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgery in ventricular cases. Calcified neurocysticercosis continues to be associated with a high burden of disease. Field studies are demonstrating the feasibility of eradication using a combination of mass chemotherapy for human tapeworms and vaccination/treatment of porcine cysticercosis.SummaryNCC remains an important and challenging cause of neurological disease with significant morbidity despite advances in treatment and prevention.

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Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis: From parasite biology and immunology to diagnosis and control

Cited by 30 publications

References 292 publications

Case Report: Disseminated Cysticercosis due to Intentional Ingestion of Parasitic Worm Eggs for Weight Loss

Case Report: Disseminated Cysticercosis due to Intentional Ingestion of Parasitic Worm Eggs for Weight Loss

Multiple-bead assay for the differential serodiagnosis of neglected human cestodiases: Neurocysticercosis and cystic echinococcosis

Neurocysticercosis: an update on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

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