Tactile Diagrams for the Visually Impaired

Gupta, Richa; Balakrishnan, M.; Rao, P. V. M.

doi:10.1109/mpot.2016.2614754

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Low-priced Technologies in Tactile Graphics Generation. It is also interesting to note that increasingly low-priced technologies [11,21,35,54,55,59,62,66] were used to create automatic tactile graphics, which reduces the cost of AT and facilitates independent BVI individuals. Additionally, the development of 3D printers has led to the transition from 2D tactile graphics to 2.5D, and 3D tactile graphics are improving [62,65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, while traveling and creating tactile graphics from natural scene images has been one of the dominant fields in adapting to social life (5 papers), only three articles aimed to support map and audio guidance field. Braille books with images 2 [54,55] Electronic circuits 1 [56] HTML web pages 1 [38] Computer science and physics 1 [7] Virtual reality objects 1 [57] Social Life…”

Section: The Role Of Tactile Graphicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 [7,11,21,31,38,48-60,66,67-74] Daily routine 17[31,35,36,38,54,55,[58][59][60]63,[65][66][67][68][69][70]72] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Literature Review on the Automatic Creation of Tactile Graphics for the Blind and Visually Impaired

Mukhiddinov

Kim

2021

Processes

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Currently, a large amount of information is presented graphically. However, visually impaired individuals do not have access to visual information. Instead, they depend on tactile illustrations—raised lines, textures, and elevated graphics that are felt through touch—to perceive geometric and various other objects in textbooks. Tactile graphics are considered an important factor for students in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields seeking a quality education because teaching materials in these fields are frequently conveyed with diagrams and geometric figures. In this paper, we conducted a systematic literature review to identify the current state of research in the field of automatic tactile graphics generation. Over 250 original research papers were screened and the most appropriate studies on automatic tactile graphic generation over the last six years were classified. The reviewed studies explained numerous current solutions in static and dynamic tactile graphics generation using conventional computer vision and artificial intelligence algorithms, such as refreshable tactile displays for education and machine learning models for tactile graphics classification. However, the price of refreshable tactile displays is still prohibitively expensive for low- and middle-income users, and the lack of training datasets for the machine learning model remains a problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Tactile Graphicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Literature Review on the Automatic Creation of Tactile Graphics for the Blind and Visually Impaired

Mukhiddinov

Kim

2021

Processes

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“…Another commonly used technology by the visually impaired is tactile diagrams, this is done by with a heat fuser machine that uses heat to raise swell paper to add texture [8]. Hughes [9] showcases the technology and describes the main difference for visually impaired when reading diagrams through tactile is that they have to first look at all the details of the diagram to build an understanding of it.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Diagrams’ Semantics to Text for Visually Impaired

Cross

Çetinkaya

Doğan

2020

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Using models and diagrams is a very useful and effective tool for representing information and systems in a graphical form to communicate and understand them better. On the other hand, graphical representations bring extra cognitive load and the process for understanding the diagrams is long and tedious in most cases for the visually impaired. To solve this problem, semantics of the diagrams should be converted to a different format that is both human and machine readable as well as communicable for the visually impaired. Most existing diagramming tools are not easily usable for the visually impaired as a tool for creating and using diagrams. In this paper, we propose an online system for defining specific diagrams and converting their semantics to text which can have a speech output for the visually impaired. We present analysis and design of this online system as well as a proof of concept prototype implementation. The prototype system provides create, save, load and transform features and tested with participants to recreate the diagrams using the automatically generated text output. Our case study showed that the results are very promising and the proposed solution can provide a way to correctly and accurately represent the information in diagrams textually.

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“…Also modern tactile production processes have created more flexibility in production but there have been little study on their effectiveness. Ms. Richa Gupta, a design graduate, started studying effectiveness of various forms of representation of tactile diagrams and is now close to finishing her work [10,14].…”

Section: More Research Projects and International Collaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASSISTECH: An Accidental Journey into Assistive Technology

Balakrishnan

2020

A Journey of Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems

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My ASSISTECH journey started by accident. Myself and Mr. Dipendra Manocha (see the adjoining profile) had a common acquaintance with whom he used to meet and exchange audio cassettes in the late 90s and early 2000. Note Dipendra lost his eye sight when he was around 12 years of age. On his reference, Dipendra one day came to meet me with a request that can I help in making the "emacs" editor in Linux accessible through the screen reader software. At that time Dipendra was managing the computer center in NAB (National Association of Blind). At that time I myself was deeply into research and tool development only in the broad areas of VLSI/EDA tools with special focus on system level design that included high level synthesis as well as hardware-software co-design. For such application development, I neither had the skills nor any special interest. On the other hand, I was completely overwhelmed by the sincerity and focus of Dipendra and thus I decided to involve some students through a mini-project. They did manage to develop a basic solution but the solution itself did not get widely deployed but formed the beginning of a very long and fruitful relationship. In the initial years, most of our engagements were similar-he would propose a project (mainly software based) and I would identify a set of project students who would be jointly mentored by us to work on the solution. We became closer and I was always impressed with his ease of understanding the technological capabilities as well as limitations without any formal training in Science or Engineering. Being blind did not seem to matter at all! Note Dipendra's formal college education consists of an undergraduate and postgraduate degree in music. He had immense capability to explain the needs of the visually impaired in a

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Tactile Diagrams for the Visually Impaired

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

A Systematic Literature Review on the Automatic Creation of Tactile Graphics for the Blind and Visually Impaired

A Systematic Literature Review on the Automatic Creation of Tactile Graphics for the Blind and Visually Impaired

Transforming Diagrams’ Semantics to Text for Visually Impaired

ASSISTECH: An Accidental Journey into Assistive Technology

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