Tactics of host manipulation by intracellular effectors from plant pathogenic fungi

Figueroa, Melania; Ortiz, Diana; Henningsen, Eva C

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102054

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…A major curation effort for PHI-base since 2016 has been to increase coverage of pathogen effectors. An effector is an entity derived from a pathogenic or non-pathogenic species, that either activates or suppresses the host's defensive or other responses ( 11 , 35 , 36 ). The number of curated pathogen effector proteins interacting directly with one or more host species has increased by 30% since version 4.8 to 657 genes tested in 2641 interactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in plant–pathogen interactions, similar cellular compartments (i.e. chloroplast and nucleus) are now recognized to be targeted by non-homologous small proteinaceous effectors produced by a range of bacteria, fungal and/or protist pathogenic species with different in vivo lifestyles ( 11 ). Also, many animal and plant infecting pathogens are now known to use molecular mimicry of essential host molecules, either functionally or structurally, to gain the advantage during infection ( 12 , 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PHI-base in 2022: a multi-species phenotype database for Pathogen–Host Interactions

Urban

Cuzick

Seager

et al. 2021

Nucleic Acids Research

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Since 2005, the Pathogen–Host Interactions Database (PHI-base) has manually curated experimentally verified pathogenicity, virulence and effector genes from fungal, bacterial and protist pathogens, which infect animal, plant, fish, insect and/or fungal hosts. PHI-base (www.phi-base.org) is devoted to the identification and presentation of phenotype information on pathogenicity and effector genes and their host interactions. Specific gene alterations that did not alter the in host interaction phenotype are also presented. PHI-base is invaluable for comparative analyses and for the discovery of candidate targets in medically and agronomically important species for intervention. Version 4.12 (September 2021) contains 4387 references, and provides information on 8411 genes from 279 pathogens, tested on 228 hosts in 18, 190 interactions. This provides a 24% increase in gene content since Version 4.8 (September 2019). Bacterial and fungal pathogens represent the majority of the interaction data, with a 54:46 split of entries, whilst protists, protozoa, nematodes and insects represent 3.6% of entries. Host species consist of approximately 54% plants and 46% others of medical, veterinary and/or environmental importance. PHI-base data is disseminated to UniProtKB, FungiDB and Ensembl Genomes. PHI-base will migrate to a new gene-centric version (version 5.0) in early 2022. This major development is briefly described.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHI-base in 2022: a multi-species phenotype database for Pathogen–Host Interactions

Urban

Cuzick

Seager

et al. 2021

Nucleic Acids Research

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“…Characterize P. maydis virulence (effector) proteins and their host targets in maize Virulence proteins translocated by fungal pathogens often have a functional role in promoting plant disease either by suppressing or activating host immune responses and, therefore, can serve as important resources for introducing novel host resistance specificities (Figueroa et al, 2021). Though P. maydis is predicted to secrete effector proteins (Telenko et al, 2020), our general understanding of howP.…”

Section: P Maydis Genomic Surveillance and Isolate Profiling Using A ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, controlled inoculation protocols using P. maydis have yet to be developed, thus greenhouse-based disease assays aimed at evaluating host responses to P. maydis cannot be performed. Despite these limitations, screening the effector repertoire of P. maydis can be performed through the use of heterologous expression systems in non-host plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana (Figueroa et al, 2021;Lorrain et al, 2018). This strategy has been effective at revealing the specific plant cell compartments targeted by effectors from other obligate biotrophic fungi as well as their host protein interactors (Figueroa et al, 2021;Lorrain et al, 2018).…”

Section: P Maydis Genomic Surveillance and Isolate Profiling Using A ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tar Spot of Maize: Current knowledge of genetic interactions and future research prospects to improve disease resistance

Helm¹

2022

Preprint

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The emergence and spread of crop plant pathogens pose a significant risk to global food and nutritional security. Of particular concern are those fungal pathogens that can significantly reduce yields of staple crop plants such as maize (Zea mays subsp. mays ). One such plant pathogen is Phyllachora maydis Maubl (P. maydis ), which causes tar spot disease on maize. Though it was only recently identified within the United States, P. maydis is now considered one of the most economically important foliar diseases of maize and has since spread to most maize production areas within the United States and Canada, resulting in substantial yield losses. In this mini-review, we aim to summarize recent advancements in our understanding of the genetic interactions between maize and P. maydis whilst also highlighting future research prospects for developing genetic-based resistances.

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“…Plant resistance responses to rusts are usually observed after haustorium formation [20]. Thus, the pathogen secretes effector proteins to escape plant immune responses and colonize the host [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers the Gene Expression Profile of Hemileia vastatrix (Race XXXIII) during the Interactions with Resistant and Susceptible Coffee

et al. 2022

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Coffee leaf rust is caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk. and Broome and is the most important coffee disease in all regions where coffee is cultivated. Here, we sought to sequence the transcriptome of H. vastatrix race XXXIII to obtain a database for use as a reference in studies of the interaction between the fungus and coffee. In addition, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes that have the potential to act as effector proteins during the interaction. Sequencing of cDNA libraries from uredospores and from compatible and incompatible interactions at different key time points generated about 162 million trimmed reads. We identified 3523 differentially expressed genes. The results suggested that the fungal transcriptome is dynamically altered over the course of infection and that the interaction with a susceptible plant upregulates a larger set of fungal genes than the interaction with a resistant plant. Co-expression network analysis allowed us to identify candidate genes with the same expression pattern as that of other effectors of H. vastatrix. Quantitative PCR analysis identified seven transcripts that may be effectors involved in the coffee–H. vastatrix interaction. This information provides a basis for obtaining new insights into the molecular mechanisms of infection in this pathosystem. Understanding gene expression during the infection process may contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms leading to the breakdown of resistance by new physiological races of the fungus.

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Tactics of host manipulation by intracellular effectors from plant pathogenic fungi

Cited by 46 publications

References 77 publications

PHI-base in 2022: a multi-species phenotype database for Pathogen–Host Interactions

PHI-base in 2022: a multi-species phenotype database for Pathogen–Host Interactions

Tar Spot of Maize: Current knowledge of genetic interactions and future research prospects to improve disease resistance

Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers the Gene Expression Profile of Hemileia vastatrix (Race XXXIII) during the Interactions with Resistant and Susceptible Coffee

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