Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO

Nichols, Tom; Stuart, Douglas T.; McCausland, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.21236/ada560710

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…54 In the words of one observer, 'US alliance relations in Asia as a whole developed in a considerably more hierarchical fashion, arranged in a hub-and-spoke model in which Washington dealt bilaterally and from a position of strength with each allied government rather than collectively through a single multilateral alliance'. 55 However, over the past decade, the USA has also conducted bilateral consultations with Australia, Japan and South Korea, based on these allies' desire to gain more insight into and influence in US nuclear weapons-related policy. 56 Plans have also been made to extend such consultations to a trilateral (Japan, South Korea and the USA) or a quadrilateral (as for trilateral but including Australia) format.…”

Section: Consultation and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 However, over the past decade, the USA has also conducted bilateral consultations with Australia, Japan and South Korea, based on these allies' desire to gain more insight into and influence in US nuclear weapons-related policy. 56 Plans have also been made to extend such consultations to a trilateral (Japan, South Korea and the USA) or a quadrilateral (as for trilateral but including Australia) format. 57 One forum for bilateral nuclear consultation is the US-Japan Extended Deterrence Dialogue, which was established in 2010.…”

Section: Consultation and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Umbrella States in the Global Nuclear Order

Erästö¹

2023

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This paper focuses on countries under extended nuclear deterrence arrangements, or ‘umbrella’ states. The paper explores the ways in which umbrella states both in the Asia-Pacific region and in Europe have supported prevailing nuclear deterrence practices or distanced themselves from such practices. While there is a tendency for these countries to side with their nuclear-armed patron on matters related to nuclear weapons and nuclear disarmament norms, at times they have taken steps away from the allied mainstream position by advocating for anti-nuclear weapon policies. As long as extended deterrence has a nuclear dimension, allies will need to balance between normative pressures to support nuclear disarmament and alliance commitments that require at least passive support for nuclear deterrence practices.

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Section: Consultation and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consultation and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Umbrella States in the Global Nuclear Order

Erästö¹

2023

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“…4–5). The United States even deployed a huge number of nuclear weapons to its allies in Europe and Asia to make them “nuclear porcupines” during the Cold War era (Nichols et al, 2012, p. 23). The United States withdrew most nuclear weapons except about 100 in Europe.…”

Section: Nuclear Strategies For Small Nuclear Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating nuclear-armed North Korea's “strategic” challenge and options for the United States and South Korea

Park¹

2022

International Area Studies Review

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This study analyzes the challenge of North Korea, which has managed to have a strategic level of nuclear weapons and suggests a few options for the United States and South Korea to address this challenge. For this purpose, it examines the theoretical backgrounds of the extended deterrence and minimal deterrence strategies, as well as the contrasting perceptions of North Korea's nuclear armament. Then, it analyzes the competition between U.S. extended deterrence and North Korea's minimal deterrence strategy and evaluates a few possible options to deal with the current strategic level of the North Korean nuclear threat. Through its analysis, this study ascertained that North Korea developed its nuclear weapons to make the United States leave South Korea and to reunify Korea on its terms. North Korea adopted a minimal deterrence strategy to counter-deter the U.S. extended deterrence and came to have considerable capabilities to implement the strategy, such as ICBMs, SLBMs, and potentially SSBNs. The United States and its allies in Northeast Asia should clearly recognize the opportunity cost of failed denuclearization negotiations and consider more options than strengthening the current U.S. extended deterrence posture. They need to seriously discuss the establishment of another nuclear-sharing system in Northeast Asia and should not exclude the nuclear weapons development option of South Korea.

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“…Furthermore, the smuggling of such weapons (encased in engineered shielding material) onto U.S. soil is a very real threat, and such warheads could cause massive harm if detonated in an urban area. Tactical nuclear weapons, highly destructive yet portable warheads that can be easily transported around an environment make up most of the nuclear arsenal that has ever been produced [47]. Dirty bombs built from radioactive sources [2], radioactive emanation from stolen medical or industrial-use isotopes [50], or health risks from a malfunctioning nuclear power plant [3] are other frightening but very real threat scenarios with recent precedents.…”

Section: Nuclear Threat Detection Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian aggregation of evidence for detection and characterization of patterns in multiple noisy observations

Tandon

2016

AI Matters

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Effective use of Machine Learning to support extracting maximal information from limited sensor data is one of the important research challenges in robotic sensing. This thesis develops techniques for detecting and characterizing patterns in noisy sensor data. Our Bayesian Aggregation (BA) algorithmic framework can leverage data fusion from multiple low Signal-To-Noise Ratio (SNR) sensor observations to boost the capability to detect and characterize the properties of a signal generating source or process of interest.We illustrate our research with application to the nuclear threat detection domain. Developed algorithms are applied to the problem of processing the large amounts of gamma ray spectroscopy data that can be produced in real-time by mobile radiation sensors. The thesis experimentally shows BA's capability to boost sensor performance in detecting radiation sources of interest, even if the source is faint, partiallyoccluded, or enveloped in the noisy and variable radiation background characteristic of urban scenes.In addition, BA provides simultaneous inference of source parameters such as the source intensity or source type while detecting it. The thesis demonstrates this capability and also develops techniques to efficiently optimize these parameters over large possible setting spaces. Methods developed in this thesis are demonstrated both in simulation and in a radiation-sensing backpack that applies robotic localization techniques to enable indoor surveillance of radiation sources.The thesis further improves the BA algorithm's capability to be robust under various detection scenarios. First, we augment BA with appropriate statistical models to improve estimation of signal components in low photon count detection, where the sensor may receive limited photon counts from either source and/or background. Second, we develop methods for online sensor reliability monitoring to create algorithms that are resilient to possible sensor faults in a data pipeline containing one or multiple sensors.Finally, we develop Retrospective BA, a variant of BA that allows reinterpretation of past sensor data in light of new information about percepts. These Retrospective capabilities include the use of Hidden Markov Models in BA to allow automatic correction of a sensor pipeline when sensor malfunction may be occur, an AnomalyMatch search strategy to efficiently optimize source hypotheses, and prototyping of a Multi-Modal Augmented PCA to more flexibly model background and nuisance source fluctuations in a dynamic environment.To my parents and cute little brothers and sisters too who keep copying everything I do and to our puppy of new Chewbie Doobie Doo ...And also to my iCreate robots.These iCreates are ones I worked on at University of Southern California (USC) in undergrad. After I graduated, (unknown to me at the time) several were shipped to Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) for use here. I found them in storage gathering dust. Their model is obsolete, but they still boot up, so I updated their PlayerStage c...

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Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Umbrella States in the Global Nuclear Order

The Role of Umbrella States in the Global Nuclear Order

Investigating nuclear-armed North Korea's “strategic” challenge and options for the United States and South Korea

Bayesian aggregation of evidence for detection and characterization of patterns in multiple noisy observations

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