Tackling the emerging Artemisinin-resistant malaria parasite by modulation of defensive oxido-reductive mechanism via nitrofurantoin repurposing

Shafi, Sadat; Gupta, Sonal; Jain, Ravi; Shoaib, Rumaisha; Munjal, Akshay; Maurya, Preeti; Kumar, Purnendu; Kalam Najmi, Abul; Singh, Shailja

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115756

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The role of protein PTMs has already been established for numerous enzymes, while for others, this role must still be determined. Some promising enzymes in this regard include oxidative stress-related enzymes [ 369 , 370 , 371 ], cytochromes P450 and NADPH hemoprotein reductases [ 372 ], nucleotide biosynthesis-related [ 373 , 374 ], ion homeostasis-related, and energy metabolism-related enzymes [ 375 , 376 , 377 , 378 , 379 , 380 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins of Malaria Parasites during the Life Cycle

Schwarzer,

Skorokhod

2024

IJMS

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Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for regulating protein functions, influencing various fundamental processes in eukaryotes. These include, but are not limited to, cell signaling, protein trafficking, the epigenetic control of gene expression, and control of the cell cycle, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, and interactions between cells. In this review, we discuss protein PTMs that play a key role in the malaria parasite biology and its pathogenesis. Phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, lipidation and lipoxidation, glycosylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation, nitrosylation and glutathionylation, all of which occur in malarial parasites, are reviewed. We provide information regarding the biological significance of these modifications along all phases of the complex life cycle of Plasmodium spp. Importantly, not only the parasite, but also the host and vector protein PTMs are often crucial for parasite growth and development. In addition to metabolic regulations, protein PTMs can result in epitopes that are able to elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses of the host or vector. We discuss some existing and prospective results from antimalarial drug discovery trials that target various PTM-related processes in the parasite or host.

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