Tackling pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from land-based sources by an integrated ecosystem approach and the use of the combined international and European legal regimes

Abstract

, Case Concerning the Gabcíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia), <www.icj-cij.org>; the obligation to take all appropriate measures to prevent the causing of significant harm to other watercourse States can be found in Art. 7 Watercourses Convention; Art. 8 of the Watercourses Convention contains the general obligation to cooperate and it encourages regional cooperation. 12 UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, New York, 21 May 1997, adopted by the UN General Assembly by resolution A/RES/51/229, UN Doc. A/51/869, and 36 ILM (1997), 719. Not yet in force: 16 Parties-35 required; also open to regional economic integration organizations, in addition to states. See <www.un.org or www.internationalwaterlaw.org>.

Residents' acceptability and response to the water-pricing policy to reduce marine pollution caused by domestic sewage

“…With rapid growth of the economy in the coastal zone in China, marine pollution has led to many marine environmental problems and becomes an important issue (Fu et al, 2018;Shan et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2021). Suggested by previous studies, approximately 80% of marine pollutants come from land-based sources (Hildering et al, 2009), and domestic sewage is one of the most important land-based sources. According to the "Bulletin of Marine Ecology and Environment Status of China," China's domestic sewage discharge showed an overall upward trend from 733.85 million tons in 2017 to 806.02 million tons in 2021.…”

Accumulation of Plastics and Trace Elements in the Mangrove Forests of Bima City Bay, Indonesia

“…Coastal and marine ecosystems are continuously being threatened by eutrophication, the influx of toxic substances (including trace elements and plastic fragments), and acidification, originating mainly from land-based industry and agriculture, which generate c. 80% of the pollution load [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Indonesia has struggled with anthropogenic pressures on its coastal ecosystems in recent decades due to its increasing population proportionally contributing to the intensified contamination of the seashore zone [ 5 ].…”

Juvenile Oblada melanura (L. 1758) otolith shape variation as an early environmental indicator

“…Coasts consist of a variety of ecosystems (Ducrotoy and Yanagi, 2008), providing numerous services such as fish nursery sites (Cheminée et al, 2013;Cuadros et al, 2017) and habitats (Thiriet et al, 2016). They are degraded by human influences, such as residential development (Thia-eng and Ross, 1998), industry (Hildering et al, 2009), commerce, tourism (Petrosillo et al, 2009) and impacted by contamination events (Mestres et al, 2010). The monitoring of the anthropic impact on this environment is therefore necessary.…”