We used conversation analysis of six audio-and video-recorded goal setting meetings that were attended by patients and their respective treating team to explore and describe the interaction of participants during interdisciplinary goal setting, and to identify the strategies used to agree goals. The health care professionals involved in the six sessions included four physiotherapists, four occupational therapists, four nurses, one speech and language therapist, and one neuropsychologist. The participants included 3 patients with multiple sclerosis, 2 patients with spinal cord lesions, and 1 patient with stroke from an inpatient neurological rehabilitation unit.Detailed analysis revealed how the treating team shaped the meetings. The most notable finding was that there was rarely a straightforward translation of patient wishes into agreed-on written goals, with the treating team leading goal modification so that goals were achievable. Despite professional dominance, patients also influenced the course of the interaction, particularly when offering resistance to goals proposed by the treating team.Keywords conversation analysis; health care; health care, interprofessional perspective; health care, teamwork; rehabilitation 3 Goal setting is crucially important within rehabilitation, yet there is very little empirical evidence underlying its practice (Wade, 1999). The existing evidence base originates primarily from investigations into enhancing performance on tasks in the workplace, and the finding that specific, challenging goals can improve immediate performance (Locke & Latham, 2002). A recent systematic review of the evidence for the effectiveness of goal planning in rehabilitation lent some support to this finding . Within the rehabilitation context, goal planning is about much more than performance on a task. The process of goal setting within the overall rehabilitation plan is thought to enhance patient autonomy (Holliday, Cano, Freeman, & Playford, 2007) and interdisciplinary team work (Schut & Stam, 1994). Within the United Kingdom, patient involvement in goal setting is highly regarded at a strategic level in health care and is considered a clinical standard within the health system (Department of Health, 1997). It is generally accepted that sharing in decision making improves commitment to the decisions that are made (Gwyn & Elwyn, 1999); however, even when the will to ensure this practice is present, professionals might lack the insight needed to facilitate patients making self-determined decisions (Zoffmann, Harder, & Kirkevold, 2008). in health care, it is necessary to draw on studies utilizing detailed analyses of interaction (e.g., Robinson, 2003). By 4 looking closely at the interaction as it unfolds, it is possible to answer questions about how decisions are made between professionals and patients, and to begin to unpack the complexity and skill involved in achieving collaboration (Parry, 2004). Conversation analysis, a method for analyzing the turn-by-turn construction of meaning between ...