Tacit Knowledge

Abstract

Technical innovation and entrepreneurship drive economic growth and prosperity. The success of the innovation process depends on utilizing new and existing technical knowledge expeditiously and in novel ways. Many new ideas are the result of the convergence of knowledge from seemingly unrelated domains and/or fields of interest. Moreover, innovative ideas tend to emerge from a combination of experience, published information, and dialogue. This process of collaboration and team science to promote innovation should be an important component of a broadly based Engineering Education program. As many have noted, knowledge can either be explicit or tacit. Nonaka 1 identified four basic patterns for creating knowledge in any organization, with the tacit-to-tacit and explicit-to-tacit knowledge transfer being the most difficult to initiate, particularly between experts from vastly different technical domains. If the innovation process is to advance, the tacit-to-tacit and the explicit-to-tacit knowledge transfers must be facilitated within an organization. Peoria NEXT is an organization, established in 2001, to support the culture of discovery, the creation of innovation and the implementation of commercialization in the areas of life science, material science, and engineering science in Peoria, Illinois USA. Recognizing that the innovation process would be enhanced by collaboration among the over 300 research scientists and engineers from a wide range of domains, the Peoria NEXT organization initiated 11 Knowledge Communities to stimulate the tacit-to-tacit knowledge transfer and the explicit-totacit knowledge transfer to aid in the ideation phase of the innovation process. The Knowledge Communities were established for a one-year period followed by an evaluation period and consisted of groups of 8 to 10 scientists, academics and engineers. The Knowledge Communities were established for a one-year period followed by an evaluation period and consisted of groups of 8 to 10 scientists, academics and engineers. These groups served as a forum to collect, evaluate and embellish new ideas from the various researchers. The Knowledge Communities bridged traditional intellectual disciplines and ranged from Medical and Engineering Robots to Health Systems and Biotechnology to Ethics. Members of the Knowledge Communities came from primarily four organizations with distinct research cultures and with different reward systems. The results of the first-year effort resulted in several successful collaborations, but also clearly determined that the members of each organization have different value propositions for participation. The faculty collaborations can be translated into educational paradigms, particularly for the engineering senior design classes.