Tachistoscopic Viewing and Dichotic Listening

Ocklenburg, Sebastian

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6725-4_1

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…These are just some examples from the quite extensive body of research on functional lateralization and behaviour in humans. Handedness has commonly been used as the proxy measure of lateralization but more recent studies have used more direct measures of cerebral asymmetry [47,48].…”

Section: Limb Preference and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Matter of Degree: Strength of Brain Asymmetry and Behaviour

Rogers

2017

Symmetry

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Abstract:Research on a growing number of vertebrate species has shown that the left and right sides of the brain process information in different ways and that lateralized brain function is expressed in both specific and broad aspects of behaviour. This paper reviews the available evidence relating strength of lateralization to behavioural/cognitive performance. It begins by considering the relationship between limb preference and behaviour in humans and primates from the perspectives of direction and strength of lateralization. In birds, eye preference is used as a reflection of brain asymmetry and the strength of this asymmetry is associated with behaviour important for survival (e.g., visual discrimination of food from non-food and performance of two tasks in parallel). The same applies to studies on aquatic species, mainly fish but also tadpoles, in which strength of lateralization has been assessed as eye preferences or turning biases. Overall, the empirical evidence across vertebrate species points to the conclusion that stronger lateralization is advantageous in a wide range of contexts. Brief discussion of interhemispheric communication follows together with discussion of experiments that examined the effects of sectioning pathways connecting the left and right sides of the brain, or of preventing the development of these left-right connections. The conclusion reached is that degree of functional lateralization affects behaviour in quite similar ways across vertebrate species. Although the direction of lateralization is also important, in many situations strength of lateralization matters more. Finally, possible interactions between asymmetry in different sensory modalities is considered.

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Section: Limb Preference and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Matter of Degree: Strength of Brain Asymmetry and Behaviour

Rogers

2017

Symmetry

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“…Humans, in contrast, like other primates, have frontally placed eyes, only partially crossing nerves at the optic chiasm and strong interhemispheric connectivity. As a result, they show visual lateralization only in restricted conditions of vision (e.g., lateral presentation of briefly presented stimuli) (Ocklenburg, ). The only way to discover the root of the human mental number line is to explore whether human newborns, under minimal or no exposure to adults’ scanning biases, manifest SNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mental number line in human newborns

Giorgio

Lunghi

Rugani

et al. 2019

Developmental Science

115

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Humans represent numbers on a mental number line with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right side. A left‐to‐right oriented spatial–numerical association, (SNA), has been demonstrated in animals and infants. However, the possibility that SNA is learnt by early exposure to caregivers’ directional biases is still open. We conducted two experiments: in Experiment 1, we tested whether SNA is present at birth and in Experiment 2, we studied whether it depends on the relative rather than the absolute magnitude of numerousness. Fifty‐five‐hour‐old newborns, once habituated to a number (12), spontaneously associated a smaller number (4) with the left and a larger number (36) with the right side (Experiment 1). SNA in neonates is not absolute but relative. The same number (12) was associated with the left side rather than the right side whenever the previously experienced number was larger (36) rather than smaller (4) (Experiment 2). Control on continuous physical variables showed that the effect is specific of discrete magnitudes. These results constitute strong evidence that in our species SNA originates from pre‐linguistic and biological precursors in the brain.

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“…This ensures that initial visual and emotional processing of the stimulus is lateralized to the contralateral hemisphere [39][40][41][42]. To examine emotional processing, we used pictures of emotional and neutral scenes as Nogo stimuli and unidentifiable scrambled versions of the same pictures as Go stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Emotional Valence on Hemispheric Asymmetries in Response Inhibition

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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Hemispheric asymmetries are a major organizational principle in human emotion processing, but their interaction with prefrontal control processes is not well understood. To this end, we determined whether hemispheric differences in response inhibition depend on the emotional valence of the stimulus being inhibited. Participants completed a lateralised Go/Nogo task, in which Nogo stimuli were neutral or emotional (either positive or negative) images, while Go stimuli were scrambled versions of the same pictures. We recorded the N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components, two common electrophysiological measures of response inhibition processes. Behaviourally, participants were more accurate in withholding responses to emotional than to neutral stimuli. Electrophysiologically, Nogo-P3 responses were greater for emotional than for neutral stimuli, an effect driven primarily by an enhanced response to positive images. Hemispheric asymmetries were also observed, with greater Nogo-P3 following left versus right visual field stimuli. However, the visual field effect did not interact with emotion. We therefore find no evidence that emotion-related asymmetries affect response inhibition processes.

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Tachistoscopic Viewing and Dichotic Listening

Cited by 12 publications

References 132 publications

A Matter of Degree: Strength of Brain Asymmetry and Behaviour

A Matter of Degree: Strength of Brain Asymmetry and Behaviour

A mental number line in human newborns

Effects of Emotional Valence on Hemispheric Asymmetries in Response Inhibition

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