Tables for effective dose assessment from diagnostic radiology (period 1946–1995) in epidemiologic studies

Abstract

Diagnostic radiology is a leading cause of man-made radiation exposure to the population. It is an important factor in many epidemiological studies as variable of interest or as potential confounder. The effective dose as a risk related quantity is the most often stated patient dose. Nevertheless, there exists no comprehensive quantification model for retrospective analysis for this quantity. This paper gives a catalog of effective dose values for common and rare examinations and demonstrates how to modify the dose values to adapt them to different calendar years using a quantification concept already used for retrospective analysis of the red bone marrow dose. It covers the time period of 1946 to 1995 and allows considering technical development and different practical standards over time. For an individual dose assessment, if the dose area product is known, factors are given for most examinations to convert the dose area product into the effective dose. Additionally factors are stated for converting the effective dose into the red bone marrow dose or vice versa.

Estimation of Radiological Doses to Organs around the Head and Neck Region in a Radiological Centre in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

“…This dose has a significant impact on the amount of radiation received by a patient during radiological imaging and can potentially cause radiosensitivity in tissues or organs. The ESD can be measured directly using dosimeters or indirectly through mathematical formulations that involve modality-related dose parameters related to the modality (Tsapaki et al, 2007;Sharma et al, 2015;Ahmadi et al,2020;Bly, 2021;Melboom et al,2021). The effective dose (ESD) is greatly affected by the penetrating power of the Xrays used, which varies depending on the patient's body size and the specific area being examined (Ibrahim et al, 2014).…”