Table of Contents

Abstract

The Theoretical Framework: Psychosocial Oppression and Diversity Overview of the Framework The Importance of Reaffirming Diversity in Higher Education Structural Change Through Affirmative Action: A Report Card Why Is a Cross‐Disciplinary Framework for Achieving Diversity Needed? Asymmetric Institutional Power and Oppression The Antidote for Oppression: Reciprocal Empowerment The Metaphorical Perspective: Silence and Disempowerment The Biopsychosocial Framework The New Paradigm in Overcoming Barriers to Faculty and Staff Diversity Affirmative Action and Diversity: Partners and Protagonists Historical Development of Affirmative Action in Perspective The Interrelationship of Affirmative Action and Diversity The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions and Roads to the Future Stages in Developing Diversity The Role of Culture and Climate Walking the Talk: Lip Service or Real Gains? On the Way to Diversity: Psychological and Behavioral Barriers Psychosocial Discrimination and Attributional Ambiguity Psychology of the Agents of Oppression Dimensions of Contemporary Workplace Discrimination Internalization: The Impact of Discrimination on Self‐Esteem The Physiological Impact of Perceived Discrimination: A Scientific Perspective On the Way to Diversity: Organizational Barriers Formal and Informal Organizational Barriers Workplace Power: Understanding the New Battleground The Power of the Accreditation Model Diversity and Decentralization Navigating the Straits: Overcoming Challenges to Faculty Diversity Faculty Hiring for Diversity: Defeating the Narrowing Sieve Whitewater Rafting: The Tenure Journey Reward Structures, Intentionality, and Diversity Best Practices in Diversity Planning and Assessment The Twenty‐First‐Century Diversity Strategic Plan A Conceptual Approach to Diversity Assessment The Diversity Scorecard Retention and Beyond Reaching Reciprocal Empowerment: Recommendations and Implications Appendix: Representative Diversity Strategic Plans and Diversity Web Sites for Public Research Universities References Name Index Subject Index About the Authors

Enablers and Barriers Influencing African American Administrators’ Career Advancement at Predominantly White Institutions of Higher Learning

“…African Americans' enrollment in PWIs of higher learning increased significantly after the 1954 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas (Prendergast, 2002). The review of literature for this study provides a brief perspective on the history of race and education in America as well as the social and political legislation that presented barriers and opened doors of opportunities in higher education for African Americans.With educational opportunity at an alltime high, African Americans are still disproportionally represented in leadership positions at PWIs of higher learning (Evans & Chun, 2007). The purpose of this literature review is to provide the credibility required to justify conducting the study (Creswell, 2005).…”