Taber Yarn-Sheet Abrasion Test

Abstract

A technique is described for the determination of yarn abrasion-resistance free from other wear factors such as flexibility, strength, elongation, and fabric construction. The procedure is based on a sheet of parallel yarns wound under controlled tension and subsequently abraded to failure on a Taber Abraser. The method has been used to evaluate the effect of yarn properties as well as fiber type on yarn abrasion-resistance. Results on yarns correlate well with the Taber abrasion-resistance of fabrics made from these yarns, and can be used to determine the inherent yarn abrasion-resistance without the necessitiy of fabric preparation. THE GENERAL PROBLEM of evaluating the wear-resistance of textiles has received considerable attention both in the United States and other countries [4,5,6,7,14,15]. In virtually all cases it has been necessary to conduct field tests in end uses to obtain information on wear, because of the difficulty in correlating data observed in the laboratory with wear observed in service. This difficulty probably resides in the fact that wear is a composite result involving abrasion, flexing, strength, elongation, and other factors, all exerting their individual effects simultaneously, and it is almost impossible to set up a laboratory test which will include all of these factors at the same time and to the proper extent.One of the most important of the factors contributing to wear is believed to be abrasion, and it has seemed desirable to measure this property free from other factors affecting wear and thereby to contribute to the understanding of the more general problem.Abrasion-testing has usually been confined to fabrics, which in turn are relatively complex structures, which makes tests inconvenient to carry out and difficult to understand. A test applicable to yarns would be accordingly quite desirable. Testers for this purpose have been described by Walker and Olmstead [ 16] and by Matthes and Keworkian [ 111.These testers, however, do not measure abrasion free from other factors but, rather, measure a combination of abrasion-resistance and other properties such as flexibility and strength, and are unsatisfactory for this reason. Hamburger and Lee [8] developed a test which presumably meaures simple abrasion of yarns. They used a sheet of parallel yarns wound under controlled tension on a panel which could be abraded on a Taber Abraser. The preparation of the yarn sheet was comparatively simple and the sample comprising a number of ends was more representative than single-end tests. Relative abrasionresistance was calculated as a &dquo;durability coefficient&dquo; obtained by determining loss in yarn strength after progressive degrees of abrasion on a succession of samples. It is accordingly a comparatively long and expensive test.It was the purpose of this work to develop a rapid yarn abrasion test which would not be influenced by other wear factors and to use this test to evaluate the effect of yarn properties on abrasion-resistance. The procedure was similar to that described by Hamb...

Upholstery Fabric Performance: Actual Wear Versus Laboratory Abrasion

“…It appears that the heavier, stronger yarns and balanced thread count in the plain weave construction produced the most suitable fabric (of those tested) to withstand the rigors of wear found in upholstered furniture. This is consistent with previous research findings [ 3,4,8,15 ] .…”

“…Again, note that all of the correlation coefficients between the simulated and the consumer wear were very high for the percent elongation. ' Although there are published analyses of some types of soil ( i.e., street dirt [12] ] and vacuum cleaner soil [ 8 ] ), we found no published analyses of typical soil on or in upholstery fabric. Visual observation of the chairs from the wear study [ 16 ] showed, however, that a colored particulate soil was present.…”

“…The conditions experienced in actual use must then be simulated as closely as possible in a controlled setting. Since actual wear is such a complex phenomenon, however, laboratory tests are usually designed to evaluate only one or a limited number of variables at a time.Abrasion resistance is the fabric property often claimed to be associated with performance or serviceability of fabrics in actual use [ 2,4,8,10 ] . Backer [ 2 ] identified three mechanisms of abrasion, i.e., frictional wear, cutting, and plucking or snagging.…”

“…Abrasion resistance is the fabric property often claimed to be associated with performance or serviceability of fabrics in actual use [ 2,4,8,10 ] . Backer [ 2 ] identified three mechanisms of abrasion, i.e., frictional wear, cutting, and plucking or snagging.…”

Abrasion Damage of Textile Fibers

“…Comparable quantitative data on the abrasion of different yarns were also published by Matthes and Keworkian, [7,8] Hamburger, [4] and Hicks and Scroggie. [5] Using the Taber tester hicks and Scroggie performed tests on yarns as well as on plain weave f;brics, and they found that the "abrasion life" diinished from nylon to polyacrylonitrile, viszor'e, and acetate approximately in the ratio 1000 : 237 : 165 : 83.…”