Tabagismo entre pacientes internados em um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil: prevalência, grau de dependência e estágio motivacional

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and profile of smoking among hospitalized patients at a university hospital in the south of Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving patients over 18 years of age hospitalized for over 24 h at the Federal University of Santa Catarina University Hospital, located in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. The patients were interviewed on two distinct occasions. We collected demographic data, socioeconomic data, and data regarding smoking. Results: We interviewed 235 patients: 44 (18.7%) were smokers; 77 (32.8%) were former smokers; 114 (48.5%) were nonsmokers; and 109 (46.7%) were passive smokers. The mean age of the smokers was 45.7 ± 15.2 years, and 29 (65.9%) were male. Among the smokers, the median age at smoking initiation was 15 years; the mean smoking history was 32 ± 30.2 pack-years; 36 (81.9%) smoked up to 20 cigarettes/day; 20 (45.4%) had a high or very high degree of nicotine dependence; 32 (72.7%) had already tried to quit smoking; 39 (88.7%) would like to quit smoking; 32 (72.7%) would accept smoking cessation treatment; 13 (29.5%) smoked during hospitalization; and 13 (29.5%) suffered withdrawal syndrome. Regarding the motivation to quit smoking, the number of patients in the "preparation" and "action" stages of change increased from admission to discharge (from 31.8% to 54.8%). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking in this study was similar to that reported in other studies conducted in Brazil. The results suggest that our sample was significant regarding the population of hospitalized smokers, who are motivated to quit smoking during hospitalization and require a systematized approach for doing so. Houve um aumento no número de pacientes nos estágios motivacionais de preparação e ação durante a internação (de 31,8% para 54,8%). Conclusões: A prevalência de tabagismo no estudo foi semelhante à encontrada em outros estudos no Brasil. Os resultados sugerem que nossa amostra foi significativa em relação à população de fumantes hospitalizados, que se encontra motivada à cessação do hábito tabágico durante a hospitalização, necessitando de uma abordagem sistematizada para a cessação. Keywords Original ArticleSmoking among patients hospitalized at a university hospital in the south of Brazil: prevalence, degree of nicotine dependence, and motivational stage of change J Bras Pneumol. 2012;38(1):72-80 73The study population consisted of patients over 18 years of age hospitalized for over 24 h at the HU-UFSC, which had 290 inpatient beds available at the time of the study. Patients in the ICU were excluded, as were those who were unable to answer the questionnaire and those who declined to participate in the study.Data were collected by the authors and properly trained collaborators on predetermined dates, i.e., one weekend in autumn and one weekend in winter, given that the prevalence of hospitalizations is estimated to be higher in those seasons, therefore allowing us to interview a larger number of patients. The study was approved...

Profile and motivation for smoking cessation in surgical inpatients

“…The prevalence of smoking identified in the present study (15%) was similar to that reported by investigations performed in other general hospitals in the country (4)(5)7,12) . The high number of participants who actively smoked at the time of admission may be attributable to the fact that most subjects in our sample of surgical patients had been admitted for elective procedures.…”

“…This fi gure is similar to that observed in the present study, but paints a disturbing picture since the severity of tobacco-related diseases tends to increase with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years spent smoking (4)(5) . The number of cigarettes smoked per day tends to increase over the years, which makes quitting even more diffi cult and causes progressively greater impact on health.…”

“…The sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the sample were similar to those described in other similar studies (4,5,7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . Patients were, on average, 54 years old, and had therefore reached an age at which the comorbidities associated with lifestyle factors often begin to appear.…”

“…The sample size required to estimate the prevalence of smoking among inpatients was calculated based on studies performed in other hospitals, in which the prevalence of smoking was found to be 20% (4,7) . As such, the minimum sample size for the present study was calculated at 77 smokers.…”

“…Tobacco control policies have made signifi cant contributions to smoking cessation rates, since people are more likely to quit when more severe restrictions are imposed on smoking (2)(3) . In hospital settings, patients are forced to stop smoking regardless of their motivation to quit, allowing them to stop and refl ect on their life habits (4) . Additionally, hospitalized smokers are usually more receptive to anti-smoking messages given the fragility of their situation, their fear of death, and their acceptance of their disease and its severity (3) .…”